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Result : Searchterm 'Focus' found in 4 terms [] and 44 definitions []
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Contrast agents are chemical substances introduced to the anatomical or functional region being imaged, to increase the differences between different tissues or between normal and abnormal tissue, by altering the relaxation times. MRI contrast agents are classified by the different changes in relaxation times after their injection.
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Negative contrast agents (appearing predominantly dark on MRI) are small particulate aggregates often termed superparamagnetic iron oxide ( SPIO). These agents produce predominantly spin spin relaxation effects (local field inhomogeneities), which results in shorter T1 and T2 relaxation times.
SPIO's and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides ( USPIO) usually consist of a crystalline iron oxide core containing thousands of iron atoms and a shell of polymer, dextran, polyethyleneglycol, and produce very high T2 relaxivities. USPIOs smaller than 300 nm cause a substantial T1 relaxation. T2 weighted effects are predominant.
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A special group of negative contrast agents (appearing dark on MRI) are perfluorocarbons ( perfluorochemicals), because their presence excludes the hydrogen atoms responsible for the signal in MR imaging.
The design objectives for the next generation of MR contrast agents will likely focus on prolonging intravascular retention, improving tissue targeting, and accessing new contrast mechanisms. Macromolecular paramagnetic contrast agents are being tested worldwide. Preclinical data shows that these agents demonstrate great promise for improving the quality of MR angiography, and in quantificating capillary permeability and myocardial perfusion.
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide ( USPIO) particles have been evaluated in multicenter clinical trials for lymph node MR imaging and MR angiography, with the clinical impact under discussion. In addition, a wide variety of vector and carrier molecules, including antibodies, peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, liposomes, and cells have been developed to deliver magnetic labels to specific sites. Technical advances in MR imaging will further increase the efficacy and necessity of tissue-specific MRI contrast agents.
See also Adverse Reaction and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis.
See also the related poll result: ' The development of contrast agents in MRI is' | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Further Reading: | | Basics:
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News & More:
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Brain imaging method may aid mild traumatic brain injury diagnosis Tuesday, 16 January 2024 by parkinsonsnewstoday.com | | |
A Targeted Multi-Crystalline Manganese Oxide as a Tumor-Selective Nano-Sized MRI Contrast Agent for Early and Accurate Diagnosis of Tumors Thursday, 18 January 2024 by www.dovepress.com | | |
FDA Approves Gadopiclenol for Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tuesday, 27 September 2022 by www.pharmacytimes.com | | |
How to stop using gadolinium chelates for magnetic resonance imaging: clinical-translational experiences with ferumoxytol Saturday, 5 February 2022 by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | | |
Estimation of Contrast Agent Concentration in DCE-MRI Using 2 Flip Angles Tuesday, 11 January 2022 by pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | | |
Manganese enhanced MRI provides more accurate details of heart function after a heart attack Tuesday, 11 May 2021 by www.news-medical.net | | |
Gadopiclenol: positive results for Phase III clinical trials Monday, 29 March 2021 by www.pharmiweb.co | | |
Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Hypersensitivity: A Case Series Friday, 4 December 2020 by www.dovepress.com | | |
Polysaccharide-Core Contrast Agent as Gadolinium Alternative for Vascular MR Monday, 8 March 2021 by www.diagnosticimaging.com | | |
Water-based non-toxic MRI contrast agents Monday, 11 May 2020 by chemistrycommunity.nature.com | | |
New method to detect early-stage cancer identified by Georgia State, Emory research team Friday, 7 February 2020 by www.eurekalert.org | | |
Researchers Brighten Path for Creating New Type of MRI Contrast Agent Friday, 7 February 2020 by www.newswise.com | | |
Manganese-based MRI contrast agent may be safer alternative to gadolinium-based agents Wednesday, 15 November 2017 by www.eurekalert.org | | |
Sodium MRI May Show Biomarker for Migraine Friday, 1 December 2017 by psychcentral.com | | |
A natural boost for MRI scans Monday, 21 October 2013 by www.eurekalert.org | | |
For MRI, time is of the essence A new generation of contrast agents could make for faster and more accurate imaging Tuesday, 28 June 2011 by scienceline.org |
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Contrast enhanced MRI is a commonly used procedure in magnetic resonance imaging. The need to more accurately characterize different types of lesions and to detect all malignant lesions is the main reason for the use of intravenous contrast agents.
Some methods are available to improve the contrast of different tissues. The focus of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is on contrast kinetics with demands for spatial resolution dependent on the application. DCE- MR imaging is used for diagnosis of cancer (see also liver imaging, abdominal imaging, breast MRI, dynamic scanning) as well as for diagnosis of cardiac infarction (see perfusion imaging, cardiac MRI). Quantitative DCE-MRI requires special data acquisition techniques and analysis software.
Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) allows the visualization of vessels and the temporal resolution provides a separation of arteries and veins. These methods share the need for acquisition methods with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Double contrast administration (combined contrast enhanced (CCE) MRI) uses two contrast agents with complementary mechanisms e.g., superparamagnetic iron oxide to darken the background liver and gadolinium to brighten the vessels. A variety of different categories of contrast agents are currently available for clinical use.
Reasons for the use of contrast agents in MRI scans are:
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Relaxation characteristics of normal and pathologic tissues are not always different enough to produce obvious differences in signal intensity.
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Pathology that is sometimes occult on unenhanced images becomes obvious in the presence of contrast.
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Enhancement significantly increases MRI sensitivity.
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In addition to improving delineation between normal and abnormal tissues, the pattern of contrast enhancement can improve diagnostic specificity by facilitating characterization of the lesion(s) in question.
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Contrast can yield physiologic and functional information in addition to lesion delineation.
Common Indications:
Brain MRI : Preoperative/pretreatment evaluation and postoperative evaluation of brain tumor therapy, CNS infections, noninfectious inflammatory disease and meningeal disease.
Spine MRI : Infection/inflammatory disease, primary tumors, drop metastases, initial evaluation of syrinx, postoperative evaluation of the lumbar spine: disk vs. scar.
Breast MRI : Detection of breast cancer in case of dense breasts, implants, malignant lymph nodes, or scarring after treatment for breast cancer, diagnosis of a suspicious breast lesion in order to avoid biopsy.
For Ultrasound Imaging (USI) see Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound at Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.com.
See also Blood Pool Agents, Myocardial Late Enhancement, Cardiovascular Imaging, Contrast Enhanced MR Venography, Contrast Resolution, Dynamic Scanning, Lung Imaging, Hepatobiliary Contrast Agents, Contrast Medium and MRI Guided Biopsy. | | | | | | | | | | | • View the DATABASE results for 'Contrast Enhanced MRI' (14).
| | | • View the NEWS results for 'Contrast Enhanced MRI' (8).
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News & More:
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FDA Approves Gadopiclenol for Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tuesday, 27 September 2022 by www.pharmacytimes.com | | |
Effect of gadolinium-based contrast agent on breast diffusion-tensor imaging Thursday, 6 August 2020 by www.eurekalert.org | | |
Artificial Intelligence Processes Provide Solutions to Gadolinium Retention Concerns Thursday, 30 January 2020 by www.itnonline.com | | |
Accuracy of Unenhanced MRI in the Detection of New Brain Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis Tuesday, 12 March 2019 by pubs.rsna.org | | |
The Effects of Breathing Motion on DCE-MRI Images: Phantom Studies Simulating Respiratory Motion to Compare CAIPIRINHA-VIBE, Radial-VIBE, and Conventional VIBE Tuesday, 7 February 2017 by www.kjronline.org | | |
Novel Imaging Technique Improves Prostate Cancer Detection Tuesday, 6 January 2015 by health.ucsd.edu | | |
New oxygen-enhanced MRI scan 'helps identify most dangerous tumours' Thursday, 10 December 2015 by www.dailymail.co.uk | | |
All-organic MRI Contrast Agent Tested In Mice Monday, 24 September 2012 by cen.acs.org | | |
A groundbreaking new graphene-based MRI contrast agent Friday, 8 June 2012 by www.nanowerk.com |
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[This entry is marked for removal.]
Cytogen Corporation of Princeton, NJ is a product-driven, oncology- focused biopharmaceutical company. Cytogen markets several products through its in- house oncology sales force: ProstaScint® (a monoclonal antibody-based imaging agent used to image the extent and spread of prostate cancer); BrachySeed™ I-125 and BrachySeed™ Pd-103 (two uniquely designed, next generation radioactive seed implants for the treatment of localized prostate cancer), and NMP22® BladderChek™ (a highly accurate and convenient antibody-based point-of-care staging test for bladder cancer detection). Cytogen has also developed Quadramet®, a skeletal targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for the relief of bone pain in prostate and other types of cancer. Cytogen's pipeline comprises product candidates at various stages of clinical development, including fully human monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines based on PSMA (prostate specific membrane antigen) technology, which was exclusively licensed from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
A license and marketing agreement with AMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc' (formerly Advanced Magnetics), to market the functional molecular imaging agent Combidex®, was terminated in 2007.
Contact Information
MAIL
Cytogen Corporation
600 College Road East, CN5308
Princeton, NJ 08540-5308
USA
| | | | • View the DATABASE results for 'Cytogen Corporation' (2).
| | | • View the NEWS results for 'Cytogen Corporation' (14).
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| | | | • View the DATABASE results for 'Dephasing Gradient' (6).
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RARE Monday, 3 December 2012 by www2.warwick.ac.uk |
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