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 'Gadopentetate Dimeglumine' 
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Gadopentetate DimeglumineInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - Intro, Overview, Characteristics, Types of, etc.MRI Resource Directory: - Contrast Agents -
 
Short name: Gd-DTPA, generic name: Gadopentetate dimeglumine, chemical compound: Gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
Gadopentetate dimeglumine was introduced in 1981, as the first paramagnetic MRI contrast agent (ionic). The Gd-induced dipole dipole interactions lead to shortening of T1, which results in contrast enhancement on T1 weighted images. The used metal ion Gd3+ (gadolinium) is toxic, and therefore bound in the renally excreted DTPA chelate, a very stable complex. The Gd-complex also induce susceptibility effects, as a result of the magnetic field gradient between the contrast agent in the blood vessels and the surrounding tissue, that lead to shortening of T2 or T2*.
Following intravenous administration, the compound is distributed rapidly in the extracellular space and is eliminated unchanged by glomerular filtration via the kidneys. Up to 6 hours, post injection an average of 83% of the dose is eliminated renal.
See also Magnevist®, Gadolinium and Contrast Agents.

Further Reading:
  Basics:
Magnevist Package InsertOpen this link in a new window
2000
Magnevist®InfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - Intro, Overview, Characteristics, Types of, etc.MRI Resource Directory: - Contrast Agents -
 
Magnevist® is a paramagnetic ionic contrast agent for use in magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast enhanced MRI with Magnevist® allows additional diagnostic information of tumors, inflammation and vascular lesions and the determination or differentiation of such lesions.
The contrast enhancing effect is produced by the di-N-methylglucamine salt of gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA), the gadolinium complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Magnevist® has the strongest effect on T1 weighted images, by increasing T1 signal intensity in tissues where Magnevist® has accumulated.
See also Ionic Intravenous Contrast Agents and Gadopentetate Dimeglumine.

Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND Gadopentetate dimeglumine, Gd-DTPA
DEVELOPER Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Germany
CENTRAL MOIETY Gd3+
CONTRAST EFFECT T1, Predominantly positive enhancement
RELAXIVITY r1=3.4, r2=3.8, B0=1.0T
PHARMACOKINETIC Intravascular, extracellular, renal excretion
OSMOLALITY 1960 mosm/kgH2O
CONCENTRATION 0.5 mol/L
DOSAGE 0.1-0.3 mmol/kg / 0.2-0.6 mL/kg
PREPARATION Finished product
INDICATION Neuro/whole body
DEVELOPMENT STAGE For sale
DISTRIBUTOR See below
PRESENTATION Vials of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 100 mL bulk package
Pre-filled syringes of 10, 15 and 20 mL
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!

Distribution Information
TERRITORY TRADE NAME DEVELOPMENT
STAGE		 DISTRIBUTOR
USA, Canada Magnevist® for sale Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals
Asia Magnevist® for sale Bayer Schering Pharma AG
EU Magnevist® for sale Bayer Schering Pharma AG
Turkey Magnevist®, Magnograf for sale Bayer Schering Pharma AG
Australia Magnevist® for sale Bayer Schering Pharma AG

Further Reading:
  Basics:
Magnevist Package InsertOpen this link in a new window
2000
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals ProductsOpen this link in a new window
   by www.bayerhealth.com    
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals ProductsOpen this link in a new window
   by www.bayerhealth.com    
Magnevist Prescription Drug Discount SourcesOpen this link in a new window
   by www.institutedc.org    
  News & More:
CONTRAST AGENTS IN MRI(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
Neuro-Oncology - Diagnosis MRI with Gd-DTPAOpen this link in a new window
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory ValueOpen this link in a new window
October 2004   by www.findarticles.com    
MRI Resources  
Image Quality - Societies - Claustrophobia - Pregnancy - Mass Spectrometry - Pacemaker
 
Contrast AgentsForum - related threadsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - Intro, Overview, Characteristics, Types of, etc.MRI Resource Directory: - Contrast Agents -
 
Contrast agents are chemical substances introduced to the anatomical or functional region being imaged, to increase the differences between different tissues or between normal and abnormal tissue, by altering the relaxation times. MRI contrast agents are classified by the different changes in relaxation times after their injection.
Positive contrast agents cause a reduction in the T1 relaxation time (increased signal intensity on T1 weighted images). They (appearing bright on MRI) are typically small molecular weight compounds containing as their active element Gadolinium, Manganese, or Iron. All of these elements have unpaired electron spins in their outer shells and long relaxivities.
Some typical contrast agents as gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadoteridol, and gadoterate meglumine are utilized for the central nervous system and the complete body; mangafodipir trisodium is specially used for lesions of the liver and gadodiamide for the central nervous system.
Negative contrast agents (appearing predominantly dark on MRI) are small particulate aggregates often termed superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). These agents produce predominantly spin spin relaxation effects (local field inhomogeneities), which results in shorter T1 and T2 relaxation times.
SPIO's and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO) usually consist of a crystalline iron oxide core containing thousands of iron atoms and a shell of polymer, dextran, polyethyleneglycol, and produce very high T2 relaxivities. USPIOs smaller than 300 nm cause a substantial T1 relaxation. T2 weighted effects are predominant.
A special group of negative contrast agents (appearing dark on MRI) are perfluorocarbons (perfluorochemicals), because their presence excludes the hydrogen atoms responsible for the signal in MR imaging.
The design objectives for the next generation of MR contrast agents will likely focus on prolonging intravascular retention, improving tissue targeting, and accessing new contrast mechanisms. Macromolecular paramagnetic contrast agents are being tested worldwide. Preclinical data shows that these agents demonstrate great promise for improving the quality of MR angiography, and in quantificating capillary permeability and myocardial perfusion.
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles have been evaluated in multicenter clinical trials for lymph node MR imaging and MR angiography, with the clinical impact under discussion. In addition, a wide variety of vector and carrier molecules, including antibodies, peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, liposomes, and cells have been developed to deliver magnetic labels to specific sites. Technical advances in MR imaging will further increase the efficacy and necessity of tissue-specific MRI contrast agents.

See also the related poll result: 'The development of contrast agents in MRI is'
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Delayed Myocardial Contrast Enhancement from Infarct  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 Left Circumflex Ischemia First-pass Contrast Enhancement  Open this link in a new window
 MR Colonography Gadolinium per Rectum  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 CE MRA of the Aorta  Open this link in a new window
    
SliderSliders Overview

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
MRI Contrast Agent(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
2000   by jbfpc2.ycp.edu    
Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Open this link in a new window
1997
Early Distribution Dynamics of Polymeric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents in Rats1, page 412(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
2002   by www.academicradiology.com       [Free, but registration is required.]
  News & More:
Chembytes e-zine, Special agentsOpen this link in a new window
1998
Drastic market changes with MRI contrast media and PET radiopharmaceuticals emerging as most promising segmentsOpen this link in a new window
Thursday, 21 October 2004   by www.news-medical.net    
 •• There are 25 news about 'Contrast Agents'.
Ionic Intravenous Contrast AgentsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - Intro, Overview, Characteristics, Types of, etc.MRI Resource Directory: - Contrast Agents -
 
Intravenous contrast agents used in MRI are distributed in the extracellular spaces of the body before being excreted. In this sense they are similar to iodinated X-ray contrast media. However, contrast agents used for MRI are quite different from conventional radiographic contrast media in structure and function and there is no known cross sensitivity between these types of contrast agents. Common MRI contrast agents use metal ions (e.g., gadolinium or manganese) complexed with organic molecules.
Gd-DTPA, an ionic linear molecule complex (gadopentetate dimeglumine) was the first marketed MRI contrast agent. Although the osmolality of this substances can be relatively high (up to 1940 mOsm/kg H2O) compared with plasma, adverse reactions and side effects are very rare. The used doses are smaller compared with radiographic contrast media.
See also Nonionic Intravenous Contrast Agents, Dotarem®, and Magnevist®.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Breast MRI Images T1 Pre - Post Contrast  Open this link in a new window
      
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
MRI Contrast AgentsOpen this link in a new window
   by www.macrocyclics.com    
  News & More:
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory ValueOpen this link in a new window
   by arpa.allenpress.com    
Magnevist® EnteralInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - Intro, Overview, Characteristics, Types of, etc.MRI Resource Directory: - Contrast Agents -
 
Magnevist® enteral (Gadopentetate) is a Gd-DTPA solution for use as a gastrointestinal contrast agent to visualize the bowel in MRI scans.
See also Positive Oral Contrast Agents and Gadopentetate Gastrointestinal.

Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND Gadopentetate dimeglumine, Gd-DTPA
DEVELOPER Bayer Schering Pharma AG
CENTRAL MOIETY Gd3+
CONTRAST EFFECT T1, Predominantly positive enhancement
RELAXIVITY Paramagnetic
PHARMACOKINETIC Gastrointestinal
OSMOLALITY
CONCENTRATION 0.001 mol/L
DOSAGE 100 ml oral
PREPARATION Finished product
INDICATION Bowel marking
DEVELOPMENT STAGE For sale
DISTRIBUTOR See below
PRESENTATION Vial of 100 mL
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!

Distribution Information
TERRITORY TRADE NAME DEVELOPMENT
STAGE		 DISTRIBUTOR
USA Magnevist® enteral for sale Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals
EU Magnevist® enteral for sale Bayer Schering Pharma AG

Further Reading:
  News & More:
CONTRAST AGENTS IN MRI(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
MRI Resources  
Mass Spectrometry - Health - MRI Training Courses - General - Implant and Prosthesis pool - Foren, Newsgroups
 
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