Magnetic Resonance TIP - MRI Database : Gadolinium

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Tuesday, 9 February 2010

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'Gadolinium'

Result : Searchterm 'Gadolinium' found in 4 terms [

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Gadolinium

(Gd) Gadolinium is a Lanthanide element that is paramagnetic in its trivalent state.
This paramagnetic substance is used for MR imaging because of the effect of strongly decreasing the T1 relaxation times of the tissues to which gadolinium has access. When injected during magnetic resonance imaging, gadolinium will tend to change signal intensities by shortening the T1 time in its surroundings.
The relaxivity of gadolinium is an important measure of its efficacy, which is dependend on the chemical properties of the complex. The gadolinium ion cannot be used in its chloride, sulfate, or acetate forms because of poor tolerance and low solubility in water in the neutral pH range. Although toxic by itself, gadolinium can be given safely in a chelated form such as DTPA, that still retains much of its strong effect on relaxation times (relaxivity).
See also Dotarem®, Gadovist®, MultiHance®, Omniscan®, OptiMARK®, and Contrast Agents, the info sheet gives an overview and more in-dept information about different types of MRI contrast agents.

Images, Movies, Sliders:

Normal Lung Gd Perfusion MRI

Courtesy of Robert R. Edelman

Breast MRI Images T1 Pre - Post Contrast

Further Reading:

Basics:

	Gadolinium(.pdf) 2000

	MRI Contrast Agent(.pdf) 2000 by jbfpc2.ycp.edu

	A LANTHANIDE LANTHOLOGY(.pdf) by webphysics.davidson.edu

News & More:

	P760: A New Gadolinium Complex Characterizedby a Low Rate of Interstitial Diffusion1, Academic Radiology, Vol 9, Suppl 1(.pdf) 2002 by www.academicradiology.com [Free, but registration is required.]

	GADOLINIUM-CONTAINING MIXED MICELLE FORMULATIONS, Academic Radiology, Vol 9, Suppl 1(.pdf) 2002 by www.academicradiology.com [Free, but registration is required.]

	DNA-SEEKING GADOLINIUM COMPLEXES FOR NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY (NCT) (.pdf)

•• There are 17 news about 'Gadolinium'.

MRI Resources

Most Wanted - PACS - Blood Flow Imaging - MR Guided Interventions - Calculation - RIS

Gadolinium Oxide

Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) is a prototype paramagnetic agent for contrast enhanced MRI. Gd2O3 particles have very high relaxivity. With its high magnetic moment, gadolinium reduces the relaxation time and enhance MR signal intensity. All gadolinium compounds are highly toxic. Very stable complexes are developed to eliminate the toxicity. See also Paramagnetic Substance, Paramagnetism, Paramagnetic Contrast Agents and Contrast Agents, the info sheet gives an overview and more in-dept information about different types of MRI Contrast media.

Further Reading:

Basics:

	Gadolinium(.pdf) 2000

	Biofunctionalised nanoparticles – new MRI contrast agents by www.cmiv.liu.se

News & More:

Multi-Modal Contrast Agents:

(.pdf)

2002 by www.academicradiology.com [Free, but registration is required.]

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Gadolinium Zeolite

(Gadolite® oral Suspension) An oral paramagnetic MRI contrast agent to enhance delineation of the bowel. Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicates with large holes that can provide a temporary home for guest molecules like gadolinium. Zeolites modified with Gd (III) are effective positive MRI contrast agents for gastrointestinal application.

Further Reading:

Basics:

Chembytes e-zine, Special agents

1998

MRI Resources

Implant and Prosthesis pool - NMR - Databases - Lung Imaging - Calculation - Liver Imaging

Motexafin Gadolinium

An agent currently in Phase III clinical trials that selectively targets diseased cells because they have increased rates of metabolism. Once inside the diseased cell, motexafin gadolinium may work to disrupt its energy production and the ability to repair itself. This biolocalization can be confirmed because the compound can be seen via MRI. Motexafin gadolinium accumulates in diseased cells with repeat doses and remains in the cells for days.
Motexafin gadolinium is being investigated in clinical trials, in combination chemotherapy and with radiation therapy for the treatment of several types of cancer.

Further Reading:

News & More:

Pharmacyclics Receives Non-Approvable Letter from the FDA for Xcytrin for the Treatment of Lung Cancer Brain Metastases

Friday, 21 December 2007 by www.prnewswire.com

•• There are 2 news about 'Motexafin Gadolinium'.

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Dysprosium

(Dy) The Dysprosium chelates are analogs of the extracellular gadolinium chelates, with substitution of the dysprosium ion for the gadolinium ion and offers advantages in application on first pass studies. The use of a dysprosium-based contrast agent (Dy-type) instead of a gadolinium-type (Gd-type) is an alternative in cases of a disrupted blood brain barrier. Because of its much smaller T1 enhancement, this contrast agent should give more accurate perfusion calculations in brain MRI.

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