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Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI
 
(MRI) Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses the interaction between radio frequency pulses, a strong magnetic field and body tissue to obtain images of slices/planes from inside the body. These magnets generate fields from approx. 2000 times up to 30000 times stronger than that of the Earth. The use of nuclear magnetic resonance principles produces extremely detailed pictures of the body tissue without the need for x-ray exposure and gives diagnostic information of various organs.
Measured are mobile hydrogen nuclei (protons are the hydrogen atoms of water, the 'H' in H20), the majority of elements in the body. Only a small part of them contribute to the measured signal, caused by their different alignment in the magnetic field. Protons are capable of absorbing energy if exposed to short radio wave pulses (electromagnetic energy) at their resonance frequency. After the absorption of this energy, the nuclei release this energy so that they return to their initial state of equilibrium.
This transmission of energy by the nuclei as they return to their initial state is what is observed as the MRI signal. The subtle differing characteristic of that signal from different tissues combined with complex mathematical formulas analyzed on modern computers is what enables MRI imaging to distinguish between various organs. Any imaging plane, or slice, can be projected, and then stored or printed.
The measured signal intensity depends jointly on the spin density and the relaxation times (T1 time and T2 time), with their relative importance depending on the particular imaging technique and choice of interpulse times. Any motion such as blood flow, respiration, etc. also affects the image brightness.
Magnetic resonance imaging is particularly sensitive in assessing anatomical structures, organs and soft tissues for the detection and diagnosis of a broad range of pathological conditions. MRI pictures can provide contrast between benign and pathological tissues and may be used to stage cancers as well as to evaluate the response to treatment of malignancies. The need for biopsy or exploratory surgery can be eliminated in some cases, and can result in earlier diagnosis of many diseases.

See also MRI History and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 CE-MRA of the Carotid Arteries Colored MIP  Open this link in a new window
    
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 Anatomic Imaging of the Lumbar Spine  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 Normal Dual Inversion Fast Spin-echo  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 Breast MRI Images T2 And T1 Pre - Post Contrast  Open this link in a new window
 Anatomic Imaging of the Shoulder  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Bringing More Value to Imaging Departments With MRI
Friday, 4 October 2019   by www.itnonline.com    
A Short History of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
   by www.teslasociety.com    
On the Horizon - Next Generation MRI
Wednesday, 23 October 2013   by thefutureofthings.com    
MRI's inside story
Thursday, 4 December 2003   by www.economist.com    
  News & More:
High-resolution MRI enables direct imaging of neuronal activity - DIANA – direct imaging of neuronal activity
Friday, 18 November 2022   by physicsworld.com    
New MRI technique can 'see' molecular changes in the brain
Thursday, 5 September 2019   by medicalxpress.com    
How new MRI technology is transforming the patient experience
Tuesday, 14 May 2019   by newsroom.gehealthcare.com    
Metamaterials boost sensitivity of MRI machines
Thursday, 14 January 2016   by www.eurekalert.org    
MRI technique allows study of wrist in motion
Monday, 6 January 2014   by www.healthimaging.com    
New imaging technology promising for several types of cancer
Thursday, 29 August 2013   by medicalxpress.com    
MRI method for measuring MS progression validated
Thursday, 19 December 2013   by www.eurekalert.org    
MRI Resources 
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Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc.
 
www.auroramri.com Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc., a private company, is located in North Andover, Massachusetts. As a leading innovator in the breast imaging industry, the company provides with its Aurora System the detection, diagnosis, biopsy and treatment of breast cancer. Aurora Imaging Technology Inc. develops and manufactures the Aurora® 1.5T Dedicated Breast MR System, the first and only FDA approved MRI system designed specifically for breast imaging.

MRI Scanners:
Contact Information
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Aurora Imaging Technology Inc
39 High Street
North Andover, MA 01845
USA
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+1-877-975-7530
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• View the NEWS results for 'Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc.' (5).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
Global Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems Market Data Analysis 2019-2025 Aurora Imaging Technology, Esaote, Fonar Corporation
Wednesday, 8 January 2020   by citiblognews.com    
MRI Resources 
Developers - Bioinformatics - Homepages - Spectroscopy pool - DICOM - Artifacts
 
Spectroscopic Imaging Techniques
 
For the wide uses of NMR spectroscopy (from mineralogy to medicine) there is a variety of different spectroscopic imaging techniques available.
A short listing of the most frequent variations:
'One-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (1D NMR) is attended to the spectra of (1H) Proton, 13Carbon etc., which in general is divided in continuous wave and pulse spectroscopy. General used to determine chemical structures. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy are the most prominent techniques here.
'Two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy' (2D NMR) is based on pulse spectroscopy. This technique is mostly used for the study of chemical interactions accompanied by magnetization transfer. Examples for more diversified spectroscopy techniques are based on homonuclear (COSY, TOCSY, 2D-INADEQUATE, NOESY, ROESY) or heteronuclear correlation (HSQC, HMQC, HMBC).
'Solid State NMR Spectroscopy' analyzes samples with little or no molecular mobility. Dipolar coupling and chemical shift anisotropy are the dominating nuclear physical effects here. Used for example in pharmaceutical analysis.
'Solution State NMR Spectroscopy' is a technique to analyze the structure of samples with a high degree of molecular mobility as polymers, proteins, nucleic acids etc.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Chemical Applications of NMR
   by hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu    
  News & More:
Automated analysis of the total choline resonance peak in breast proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Wednesday, 4 October 2023   by analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com    
New Brain Imaging Technique Identifies Previously Undetected Epileptic Seizure Sites
Friday, 13 November 2015   by www.newswise.com    
Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging without Water Suppression1
2000   by radiology.rsnajnls.org    
Searchterm 'Imaging' was also found in the following services: 
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Projection Reconstruction Imaging
 
MR imaging technique in which a set of projection profiles of the body is obtained by observing MR signals in the presence of a suitable corresponding set of magnetic field gradients. Images can then be reconstructed using techniques analogous to those used in conventional computed tomography (CT), such as filtered back projection. It can be used for volume imaging or, with plane selection techniques, for sequential plane imaging.
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MRI Resources 
Databases - Pathology - Mass Spectrometry - Bioinformatics - Stent - Spectroscopy pool
 
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRI Resource Directory:
 - NMR -
 
Creation of images of objects such as the body by use of the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon. The immediate practical application involves imaging the distribution of hydrogen nuclei (protons) in the body. The image brightness in a given region depends on the spin density and the relaxation times, with their relative importance determined by the particular imaging technique employed. Image brightness is also affected by motion such as blood flow.

See also Zeugmatography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI.
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
New quantum sensing technique allows high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Wednesday, 17 June 2020   by phys.org    
MRI Resources 
MRI Reimbursement - Contrast Enhanced MRI - MRI Technician and Technologist Schools - Pediatric and Fetal MRI - Raman Spectroscopy - Process Analysis
 
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