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Result : Searchterm 'Nonionic Intravenous Contrast Agents' found in 1 term [] and 3 definitions [], (+ 3 Boolean[] results
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Nonionic Intravenous Contrast AgentsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Radiographic low-osmolar nonionic contrast agents have less side effects and fewer nephrotoxicity than ionic, high-osmolar agents. Gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents have a different formulation from iodinated X-ray contrast media, and there is no known cross sensitivity between these two types of contrast agents. Intravenous MRI contrast agents, specifically the gadolinium chelates have a high safety and lack of nephrotoxicity compared with X-ray contrast media.
The used gadolinium chelates differ in following properties: linear (e.g., gadodiamide and gadoversetamide have nonionic linear structures) vs. macrocyclic cores, and ionic vs. nonionic types. The nonionic molecules have lower osmolality and viscosity, which increase digestibility at greater concentrations, and make faster bolus injections conceivable. The macrocyclic molecules (e.g., gadoteridol has a nonionic macrocyclic ring structure) are more stable and show fewer tendencies to dissociate free Gd.

See also ProHance®, Omniscan®, OptiMARK®, Ionic Intravenous Contrast Agents.

See also the related poll result: 'MRI will have replaced 50% of x-ray exams by'
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• Related Searches:
    • Intravascular Contrast Agents
    • Ionic Intravenous Contrast Agents
    • Lumbar Spine MRI
    • Breast MRI
    • Brain MRI
 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory Value
   by arpa.allenpress.com    
MRI Resources 
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GadodiamideInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
Short name: Gd-DTPA-BMA, generic name: Gadodiamide, chemical compound: Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-bis(methylamide), central moiety: Gd
A paramagnetic MRI contrast agent (nonionic) with a small molecular weight linear chelate. Due to the linkage of two DTPA molecules through amide bonds the molecule is uncharged and has a low osmolality. The substance is excreted almost exclusively by the kidneys.

See also Nonionic Intravenous Contrast Agents and Omniscan®.
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Ionic Intravenous Contrast AgentsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Intravenous contrast agents used in MRI are distributed in the extracellular spaces of the body before being excreted. In this sense they are similar to iodinated X-ray contrast media. However, contrast agents used for MRI are quite different from conventional radiographic contrast media in structure and function and there is no known cross sensitivity between these types of contrast agents. Common MRI contrast agents use metal ions (e.g., gadolinium or manganese) complexed with organic molecules.
Gd-DTPA, an ionic linear molecule complex (gadopentetate dimeglumine) was the first marketed MRI contrast agent. Although the osmolality of this substances can be relatively high (up to 1940 mOsm/kg H2O) compared with plasma, adverse reactions and side effects are very rare. The used doses are smaller compared with radiographic contrast media.

See also Nonionic Intravenous Contrast Agents, Dotarem®, and Magnevist®.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Breast MRI Images T1 Pre - Post Contrast  Open this link in a new window
      
 
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
FDA Approves First Macrocyclic and Ionic Gadolinium-Contrast Agent for MRI
Friday, 22 March 2013   by www.itnonline.com    
  News & More:
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory Value
   by arpa.allenpress.com    
MRI Resources 
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Nephrogenic Systemic FibrosisForum -
related threads
 
(NSF) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a rare and highly debilitating disorder that involves extensive thickening and hardening of the skin with fibrotic nodules and plaques.
MRI contrast media have very low side effects, but accumulating data indicate that gadolinium-based contrast agents increase the risk for the development of NSF among patients with severe renal insufficiency or renal dysfunction due to the hepato-renal syndrome or in the perioperative liver transplantation period.
Due to this reason, gadolinium contrast agents are now considered contraindicated in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate fewer than 30 mL/min/1.73m2. In these patients, avoid use of gadolinium-based contrast agents unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Recognized or possibly associated factors for NSF:
Severe renal failure;
high dose of gadolinium chelate;
high dose of erythropoietin;
high serum phosphate levels;
high serum calcium levels;
major surgery, infection, vascular event;
history of hypothyroidism;
metabolic acidosis.

When administering a gadolinium-based contrast agent, do not exceed the recommended dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the contrast medium from the body prior to any readminstration. Screen all patients for renal dysfunction by obtaining a history and/or laboratory tests.

See also Contrast Medium, Adverse Reaction, MRI Risks, MRI Safety, Ionic Intravenous Contrast Agents, Nonionic Intravenous Contrast Agents, and Contraindications.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Important Drug Warning for Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Wednesday, 12 September 2007   by www.ismrm.org    
European Medicines Agency makes recommendations to minimise risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with gadolinium-containing contrast agents
Friday, 20 November 2009   by www.ema.europa.eu    
Gadolinium-based MR Contrast Agents and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Thursday, 1 March 2007   by radiology.rsna.org    
NSF-Active and NSF-Inert Species of Gadolinium: Mechanistic and Clinical Implications
Friday, 27 June 2008   by www.ajronline.org    
  News & More:
Questions and Answers on Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Friday, 9 January 2009   by www.fda.gov    
MRI Resources 
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Omniscan®InfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Omniscan® is a nonionic chelate complex with low osmolality used as a paramagnetic MRI contrast agent. The efficacy of Omniscan® is similar to that of Gd-DTPA. Omniscan® is given intravenously to enhance images of intracranial and spinal lesions where there is abnormal vascularity or an abnormal blood brain barrier. The complex does not cross an intact blood brain barrier so Omniscan® only accumulates in lesions such as neoplasm's and abscesses.

WARNING: NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS Gadolinium-based contrast agents increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with acute or chronic severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2), or acute renal insufficiency of any severity due to the hepato-renal syndrome or in the perioperative liver transplantation period.

See also Gadodiamide, and Classifications, Characteristics, etc.
Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND
Gadodiamide, Gd-DTPA-BMA
CENTRAL MOIETY
Gd2+
CONTRAST EFFECT
T1, Predominantly positive enhancement
r1=3.9, r2=4.3, B0=1.0T
PHARMACOKINETIC
Intravascular, extracellular, renal excretion
798 mosm/kgH2O
CONCENTRATION
287 mg/mL,0.5 mol/L
DOSAGE
0.1-0.2 mmol/kg / 0.2-0.4 ml/kg
PREPARATION
Finished product
INDICATION
Neuro/whole body
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
For sale
DISTRIBUTOR
See below
PRESENTATION
Vials of 10 mL, 15 mL and 20 mL
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
Distribution Information
TERRITORY
TRADE NAME
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE
DISTRIBUTOR
USA
Omniscan®
for sale
EU
Omniscan®
suspended
Australia
Omniscan®
for sale
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Important Drug Warning for Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Wednesday, 12 September 2007   by www.ismrm.org    
Omniscan Pharmacokinetics
  News & More:
Gadolinium-containing contrast agents: removal of Omniscan and iv Magnevist, restrictions to the use of other linear agents
Friday, 5 January 2018   by www.gov.uk    
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory Value
October 2004   by www.findarticles.com    
MRI Resources 
Developers - Mobile MRI - Directories - Spine MRI - Homepages - Knee MRI
 
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