Magnetic Resonance TIP - MRI Database : Frequency

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'Frequency'

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Frequency

(F) The number of repetitions of a periodic process per unit time. It is related to angular frequency, w, by f = w/2p. In electromagnetic radiation, it is usually expressed in units of Hertz (Hz), where 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second.

•• There are 3 news about 'Frequency'.

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Radio Frequency

(RF) Radio frequency refers to that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in which electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna.
The RF pulses used in MRI are commonly in the 1-100 megahertz range, and their effect upon a body is potential heating of tissues and foreign bodies, such as metallic implants, mainly at the surface.
This is a principal area of concern for MRI safety limits caused by absorption (see specific absorption rate) of the applied pulses of RF energy.

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The higher the frequency, the larger will be the amount of heat developed.
The more ionic the biochemical environment in the tissue, the more energy that will be deposited as heat.
This effect is well known for homogeneous model systems, but the complex structure of various human tissues makes detailed theoretical calculations very difficult, if not impossible. By scanning problems, it is important to verify the transmission frequency. If the RF transmitted into the patient was, e.g. 5000 Hz lower than the resonance frequency of the protons, no protons was excited, and no signal returns.

Further Reading:

Basics:

	Radio frequency by en.wikipedia.org

	MRI Safety by imaging.ugent.be

News & More:

Radiologists Offer Non-surgical Treatment For Early-stage Liver Cancer

Saturday, 5 March 2005 by www.sciencedaily.com

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Frequency Offset

The difference between given signal frequency and a reference frequency.

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Larmor Frequency

The Larmor precession frequency is the rate of precession of a spin packet under the influence of a magnetic field. The frequency of an RF signal, which will cause a change in the nucleus spin energy level, is given by the Larmor equation. The frequency is determined by the gyro magnetic ratio of atoms and the strength of the magnetic field. The gyromagnetic ratio is different for each nucleus of different atoms.
The stronger the magnetic field, the higher the precessional frequency. If an RF pulse at the Larmor frequency is applied to the nucleus of an atom, the protons will alter their alignment from the direction of the main magnetic field to the direction opposite the main magnetic field. As the proton tries to realign with the main magnetic field, it will emit energy at the Larmor frequency. By varying the magnetic field across the body with a magnetic field gradient, the corresponding variation of the Larmor frequency can be used to encode the position. For protons (hydrogen nuclei), the Larmor frequency is 42.58 MHz/Tesla.
See also Larmor Equation.