Volume rendering is a technique that incorporates data from all pixels in an image to provide a 3D representation. By incorporating cut planes to eliminate unwanted structures and by varying the degree of opacity of structures, image viewing may be optimized. This technique can be effective at depicting arteries and veins even when these structures are adjacent.

Substitution of zeroes for unmeasured data points in order to increase the matrix size of the new data prior to Fourier transformation of MR data. This can be equivalent to performing an interpolation (ZIP - zero fill interpolation processing) in the transformed data, resulting in pixels smaller than the actual resolution of the image.