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 MTC            Magnetization Transfer Contrast 
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Magnetization Transfer Contrast
 
(MTC) This MRI method increases the contrast by removing a portion of the total signal in tissue. An off resonance radio frequency (RF) pulse saturates macromolecular protons to make them invisible (caused by their ultra-short T2* relaxation times). The MRI signal from semi-solid tissue like brain parenchyma is reduced, and the signal from a more fluid component like blood is retained.
E.g., saturation of broad spectral lines may produce decreases in intensity of lines not directly saturated, through exchange of magnetization between the corresponding states; more closely coupled states will show a greater resulting intensity change. Magnetization transfer techniques make demyelinated brain or spine lesions (as seen e.g. in multiple sclerosis) better visible on T2 weighted images as well as on gadolinium contrast enhanced T1 weighted images.
Off resonance makes use of a selection gradient during an off resonance MTC pulse. The gradient has a negative offset frequency on the arterial side of the imaging volume (caudally more off resonant and cranially less off resonant). The net effect of this type of pulse is that the arterial blood outside the imaging volume will retain more of its longitudinal magnetization, with more vascular signal when it enters the imaging volume. Off resonance MTC saturates the venous blood, leaving the arterial blood untouched.
On resonance has no effect on the free water pool but will saturate the bound water pool and is the difference in T2 between the pools. Special binomial pulses are transmitted causing the magnetization of the free protons to remain unchanged. The z-magnetization returns to its original value. The spins of the bound pool with a short T2 experience decay, resulting in a destroyed magnetization after the on resonance pulse.

See also Magnetization Transfer.
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
MRI of the Human Eye Using Magnetization Transfer Contrast Enhancement
   by www.iovs.org    
MRI Resources 
MRA - Cochlear Implant - Pathology - Claustrophobia - Online Books - Brain MRI
 
AIRIS II™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.hitachimed.com/products/airis_2.asp From Hitachi Medical Systems America Inc.;
the AIRIS II, an entry in the diagnostic category of open MR systems, was designed by Hitachi Medical Systems America Inc. (Twinsburg, OH, USA) and Hitachi Medical Corp. (Tokyo) and is manufactured by the Tokyo branch. A 0.3 T field-strength magnet and phased array coils deliver high image quality without the need for a tunnel-type high-field system, thereby significantly improving patient comfort not only for claustrophobic patients.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Vertical Field, Open MRI
QD Head, MA Head and Neck, QD C-Spine, MA or QD Shoulder, MA CTL Spine, QD Knee, Neck, QD TMJ, QD Breast, QD Flex Body (4 sizes), Small and Large Extrem., QD Wrist, MA Foot and Ankle (WIP), PVA (WIP)
SYNCHRONIZATION
Cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating (2 modes)
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, GE, GR, IR, FIR, STIR, FSE, ss-FSE, FLAIR, EPI -DWI, SE-EPI, ms - EPI, SSP, MTC, SARGE, RSSG, TRSG, MRCP, Angiography: CE, 2D/3D TOF
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study
TR
SE: 30 - 10,000msec GE: 20 - 10,000msec IR: 50 - 16,700msec FSE: 200 - 16,7000msec
TE
SE : 10 - 250msec IR: 10 -250msec GE: 5 - 50 msec FSE: 15 - 2,000
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
0.05 sec/image (256 x 256)
FOV
5cm to 42 cm continuous
2D: 2 - 100 mm; 3D: 0.5 - 5 mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
512 x 512
PIXEL INTENSITY
Level Range: -2,000 to +4,000
Sub millimeter
MAGNET TYPE
Self-shielded, permanent
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
110 x 43 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
15,700 kg
H*W*D
79 x 111 x 73 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
208/220/240 V, single phase
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Air-cooled
STRENGTH
15 mT/m
2.0 m lateral, 2.5 m vert./long
Auto shimming, 3-axis/patient, and volume shim
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MRI Resources 
Portals - Absorption and Emission - Corporations - Contrast Agents - Universities - Stent
 
Altaire™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.hitachimed.com/products/altaire.asp From Hitachi Medical Systems America, Inc.;
the AIRIS made its debut in 1995. Hitachi followed up with the AIRIS II system, which has proven equally successfully. 'All told, Hitachi has installed more than 1,000 MRI systems in the U.S., holding more than 17 percent of the total U.S. MRI installed base, and more than half of the installed base of open MR systems,' says Antonio Garcia, Frost and Sullivan industry research analyst. Now Altaire employs a blend of innovative Hitachi features called VOSI™ technology, optimizing each sub-system's performance in concert with the other sub-systems, to give the seamless mix of high-field performance and the patient comfort, especially for claustrophobic patients, of open MR systems.

Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Vertical Field, Open MRI
DualQuad T/R Body Coil, MA Head, MA C-Spine, MA Shoulder, MA Wrist, MA CTL Spine, MA Knee, MA TMJ, MA Flex Body (3 sizes), Neck, small and large Extremity, PVA (WIP), Breast (WIP), Neurovascular (WIP), Cardiac (WIP) and MA Foot//Ankle (WIP)
SYNCHRONIZATION
Cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating (2 modes)
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, GE, GR, IR, FIR, STIR, ss-FSE, FSE, DE-FSE/FIR, FLAIR, ss/ms-EPI, ss/ms EPI- DWI, SSP, MTC, SE/GE-EPI, MRCP, SARGE, RSSG, TRSG, BASG, Angiography: CE, PC, 2D/3D TOF
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study
TR
SE: 30 - 10,000msec GE: 3.6 - 10,000msec IR: 50 - 16,700msec FSE: 200 - 16,7000msec
TE
SE : 8 - 250msec IR: 5.2 -7,680msec GE: 1.8 - 2,000 msec FSE: 5.2 - 7,680
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
0.05 sec/image (256 x 256)
FOV
5cm to 45 cm continuous
2D: 2 - 100 mm; 3D: 0.5 - 5 mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
512 x 512
PIXEL INTENSITY
Level Range: -2,000 to +4,000
Sub millimeter
MAGNET TYPE
Self-shielded, superconducting
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
110 x 43 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
41,700 kg
H*W*D
256 x 348 x 236 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
208 V +/- 10%, 3 phase
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Water-cooled
STRENGTH
22 mT/m
3.1 m lateral, 3.6 m vertical
Auto shimming, 3-axis/patient and active shimming
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
Altaire High-Field Open MRI(.pdf)
2001
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CHORUS 1.5T™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.isoltech.co.kr/english/product/default.htm 'Next generation MRI system 1.5T CHORUS developed by ISOL Technology is optimized for both clinical diagnostic imaging and for research development.
CHORUS offers the complete range of feature oriented advanced imaging techniques- for both clinical routine and research. The compact short bore magnet, the patient friendly design and the gradient technology make the innovation to new degree of perfection in magnetic resonance.'
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Short bore
Head, C-spine, L-spine, TMJ, Knee, Shoulder, General purpose, Phased Array System: 4 digital receiver channels (Up to 12 channels)
Optional
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral: Optional/yes, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
Spin Echo, Gradient Echo, Fast Spin Echo, Inversion Recovery (STIR, Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery), FLASH, FISP, PSIF, Turbo Flash ( MPRAGE ),TOF MR Angiography, Standard echo planar imaging package (SE-EPI, GE-EPI), Optional: Advanced P.A. Imaging Package (up to 4 ch.), Advanced echo planar imaging package, Single Shot and Diffusion Weighted EPI, IR/FLAIR EPI
IMAGING MODES
2D/3D, Travelling Sat, Multi-Slab 3D, MTC and TONE Pulse Sequence, Fat/Water Suppression, Presaturation (up to 6 bands), Flow Compensation using GMR pulse, Multi-Slice, Multi-Group Imaging
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Image reconstruction time (2562 ) : 0.02 s
FOV
40 cm
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
58 cm diameter (patient)
MAGNET WEIGHT
4050 kg
H*W*D
233 x 206 x 160 cm
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Water-cooled coil and air-cooled amplifier
CRYOGEN USE
0.07 L/hr helium
STRENGTH
20 mT/m (Upto 27 mT/m)
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m / 3.8 m
Passive and active
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MRI Resources 
Most Wanted - Examinations - MRI Training Courses - Brain MRI - Stent - Contrast Agents
 
Infinion 1.5TPanorama 0.2InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
From Philips Medical Systems; www.medical.philips.com/main/products/mri/products/infinion1.5t/features/ Philips Infinion 1.5 T is designed to maximize the efficiency and quality of patient care. Developed with the patient in mind, the Infinion is the shortest and most open 1.5T scanner available. The unique 'ultra short' 1.4 m magnet assures patient comfort and acceptance without compromising image quality and clinical performance.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Ultra short bore
Head, head / neck, integrated C-spine, L/T spine array, small large GP coils, body flex array, torso pelvis array, breast array, endocavitary, shoulder array, lower extremity, hand / wrist, cardiac, PV array
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, TSE, SS TSE, EPI, IR, STIR, FLAIR, FFE, TFE, T1 TFE, T2 TFE, Presat, Fatsat, MTC, Diff-opt., Angiography: PCA, MCA, TOF
IMAGING MODES
Single slice, single volume, multi slice, multi volume
TR
3.1 msec minimum
TE
0.9 msec minimum
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
80 images/sec std.; up to320 opt.@256
FOV
0.4 - 56 cm
2D: 0.3 mm; 3D: 0.2 mm
1024 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
8 x 8 to 1024 x 1024
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray scale
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
60 cm diameter (patient)
MAGNET WEIGHT
4100 kg w/cryogen's
H*W*D
233 (lead fitted) x 198 x 140 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
400/480 V
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed loop, chilled water
CRYOGEN USE
0.06 L/hr helium
STRENGTH
30 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
3.0 m / 5.0 m
Passive/active
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MRI Resources 
Online Books - Process Analysis - Abdominal Imaging - Developers - Fluorescence - Contrast Enhanced MRI
 
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