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 CISS            Constructive Interference Steady State 
Searchterm 'ciss' was found in the Abbreviation Register. 
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Constructive Interference Steady StateInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
(CISS) This gradient echo sequence is a stimulated T2 echo. Two TrueFISP sequences are acquired with differing RF pulses and than combined for strong T2 Weighted high resolution 3D images.
These TrueFISP sequences are normally affected by dark phase dispersion bands, which are caused by patient induced local field inhomogeneities and made prominent by the relatively long TR used. The different excitation pulse regimes offset these bands in the 2 sequences. Combining the images results in a picture free of banding. The image combination is performed automatically after data collection, adding some time to the reconstruction process. The advantage of the 3D CISS sequence is its combination of high signal levels and extremely high spatial resolution.
Used for, e.g. inner ear, cranial nerves and cerebellum.

See also Steady State Free Precession.
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
Pediatric and Adult Cochlear Implantation1
2003   by radiographics.rsnajnls.org    
MRI Resources 
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Data Clipping (Artifact)InfoSheet: - Artifacts - 
Case Studies, 
Reduction Index, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Artifacts -
 
Data clipping artifacts give images a washed-out, non-uniform appearance. If the receiver gain increase, so that the signal level is larger than the maximum ADC value, the reconstructed image brightness was scaled to compensate this. The overall intensity loss as well as the extensive signal is reconstructed outside of the object. This effect is called 'clipping' because on a plot of signal amplitude vs. time, it looks like the top and bottom of the echo has been 'clipped off' with scissors.

See Radio Frequency Overflow Artifact.
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MRI Resources 
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MAGNETOM Avanto™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
test.med.siemens.com/magnetom/rsna_chicago_2003/tim/avanto/index.php From Siemens Medical Systems; MAGNETOM Avanto with Tim - Total imaging matrix technology. For true whole-body anatomical coverage. For ultra-fast image acquisition. Aids the physician in fast and precise evaluation of systemic diseases like colon cancer, metastasis imaging, vessel diseases, and preventional exams. For claustrophobic patients, MAGNETOM Avanto enables feetfirst exams for nearly all MR procedures. For obese patients, MAGNETOM Avanto supports up to 200 kg (400 lbs), without table movement restrictions. The AudioComfort technology enables up to a 30 dB(A) acoustic noise reduction, that means nearly all clinical routine sequences are running under 99 dB(A).
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Compact short bore
Body, Tim [32 x 8], Tim [76 x18], Tim [76 coil elements with up to 32 RF channels]
Yes/SVS or CSI opt.
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
GRE, IR, FIR, STIR, TrueIR/FISP, FSE, FLAIR, MT, SS-FSE, MT-SE, MTC, MSE, EPI, 3D DESS//CISS/PSIF, GMR
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study, multi angle, multi oblique
FOV
0.5 cm - 50 cm
Min 2D/3D: 0.1/0.05 mm
1024 x 1024 full screen display
MEASURING MATRIX
64 x 64 to 1024 x 1024
10 micrometer in plane
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
60 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380/400/420/440/480 V
STRENGTH
up to 45 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m / 4.0 m
Passive, act.; 1st order std./2nd opt.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
12 510(k) MAGNETOM Avanto System(.pdf)
   by www.accessdata.fda.gov    
  News & More:
Obesity May Influence Imaging Diagnosis
Wednesday, 22 December 2004   by www.hospimedica.com    
MRI Resources 
Jobs - Portals - Mass Spectrometry - Examinations - Coils - Pediatric and Fetal MRI
 
MAGNETOM Sonata™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.med.siemens.com/med/d/gg/mr/products/sonata.html From Siemens Medical Systems;
while older navigator techniques take up to 40 minutes to create, the high performance of the MAGNETOM Sonata system enables 'complete examinations in less than 15 minutes'. It creates a new standard of diagnostic confidence and moves Cardiac MR from the research setting into routine clinical practice.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Compact
Yes/SVS or CSI opt.
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
GRE, IR, FIR, STIR, TrueIR/FISP, FSE, FLAIR, MT, SS-FSE, MT-SE, MTC, MSE, EPI, 3D DESS//CISS/PSIF, GMR
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study, multi angle, multi oblique
TR
1.5 msec at 256matrix
TE
0.58 msec at 256matrix
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
178 images/sec at 256 x 256 at 100% FOV
0.5 cm - 40 cm
Min 2D/3D: 0.1/0.05 mm
1024 x 1024 full screen display
MEASURING MATRIX
64 x 64 to 1024 x 1024
PIXEL INTENSITY
10 micrometer in plane
60 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
4050kg, 5500kg in operation
H*W*D
236 x 215 x 160 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380/400/420/440/480 V
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Single cryogen, 2 stage refrig.
Liquid He
STRENGTH
40/70 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m / 4.0 m
Passive, act.; 1st order std./2nd opt.
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MAGNETOM Sonata™' (2).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
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MAGNETOM™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.medical.siemens.com From Siemens Medical Systems;
70 cm + 125 cm + 1.5T and Tim - a combination never seen before in MRI ... MAGNETOM Espree™s unique open bore design can accommodate more types of patients than other 1.5T systems on the market today, in particular the growing population of obese patients. The power of 1.5T combined with Tim technology boosts signal to noise, which is necessary to adequately image obese patients.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Open bore
Body, Tim [32 x 8], Tim [76 coil elements with up to 18 RF channels])
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral: Optional/yes, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
GRE, IR, FIR, STIR, TrueIR/FISP, FSE, FLAIR, MT, SS-FSE, MT-SE, MTC, MSE, EPI, 3D DESS//CISS/PSIF, GMR
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study, multi angle, multi oblique
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Image Processor reconstructing up to 3226 images per second (256 x 256, 25% recFoV)
FOV
35 cm coronal//sagittal, 45 cm axial
Min 2D/3D: 0.1/0.05 mm
1024 x 1024 full screen display
MEASURING MATRIX
64 x 64 to 1024 x 1024
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
70 cm diameter
MAGNET WEIGHT
3800 kg
H*W*D
? x ? x 125 cm
STRENGTH
33 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m / 3.8 m
Passive, active
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MAGNETOM Espree™' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
First 1.5 Tesla Open Bore MRI Introduced
Tuesday, 10 August 2004   by www.hospimedica.com    
Obesity May Influence Imaging Diagnosis
Wednesday, 22 December 2004   by www.hospimedica.com    
MRI Resources 
Hospitals - Mobile MRI Rental - RIS - MRI Accidents - Supplies - Software
 
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