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Result : Searchterm 'Viscosity' found in 1 term [] and 4 definitions []
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Viscosity
 
A property of a fluid or semi-fluid that affects its mobility, and therefore its intensity in an image.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Viscosity
   by physics.info    
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Radiology  (8) Open this link in a new windowUltrasound  (2) Open this link in a new window
DiffusionForum -
related threads
 
The process by which molecules or other particles intermingle and migrate due to their random thermal motion. Microscopic particles are jittering around with translational and rotational motions as a result of their thermal energy, which is half the Boltzmann constant multiplied by the absolute temperature of the system (0.5kT) per degree of freedom (3 directions of translation and 3 directions of rotation for ordinary particles).
MRI provides a sensitive technique for measuring diffusion of some substances. These diffusive processes mean that particles reach areas of low from areas of high concentration, thus leading to equilibration. In body fluids, the distribution of capillaries within tissues is such that transport over macroscopic distances is accomplished by the blood circulation, while over intercapillary distances substances are carried by diffusion. The fluid diffusion constant is itself inversely proportional to the viscosity and the radius of the diffusing particles.

See also Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Diffusion Weighted Imaging.
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Diffusion' (51).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Diffusion' (12).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Conventional MRI and MR Angiography of Stroke
2012   by www.mc.vanderbilt.edu    
EVALUATION OF HUMAN STROKE BY MR IMAGING
2000
Diffusion-Weighted MRI in the Body: Applications and Challenges in Oncology
Friday, 1 June 2007   by www.ajronline.org    
  News & More:
EORTC study aims to qualify ADC as predictive imaging biomarker in preoperative regimens
Monday, 4 January 2016   by www.eurekalert.org    
Diffusion-weighted MRI sensitive for metastasis in pelvic lymph nodes
Sunday, 15 June 2014   by www.2minutemedicine.com    
Connecting the dots: Water diffusion MRI reveals plasticity networks in remote nonstimulated brain regions
Monday, 31 March 2014   by medicalxpress.com    
MRI Resources 
Devices - Homepages - Spine MRI - Shielding - Cardiovascular Imaging - Libraries
 
MultiHance®InfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
MultiHance® is a paramagnetic contrast agent for use in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver and central nervous system. MultiHance® is a small molecular weight chelate, which tightly binds the Gd atom. The substance is excreted partly by the kidneys, partly by the biliary system, which is especially unique.
MultiHance® is indicated, for the detection of focal liver lesions in patients with known or suspected primary liver cancer (e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma) or metastatic disease.
MultiHance® is also indicated in brain MRI and spine MRI where it improves the detection of lesions and provides diagnostic information additional to that obtained with unenhanced MRI.
Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRA can provide superior vascular signal intensity and SNR, as compared with Gd-DTPA, due to its higher relaxivity, even at lower doses.
1 ml of solution MultiHance® contains: (0.5M) gadobenate dimeglumine 529 mg = gadobenic acid 334 mg + meglumine 195 mg. Viscosity at 37°C: 5.3 mPa

WARNING: NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS Gadolinium-based contrast agents increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with acute or chronic severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2), or acute renal insufficiency of any severity due to the hepato-renal syndrome or in the perioperative liver transplantation period.
Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND
Gadobenate dimeglumine, Gd-BOPTA, E7155
DEVELOPER
CENTRAL MOIETY
Gd2+
CONTRAST EFFECT
T1, predominantly positive enhancement
r1=9.7, r2=12.5, B0=0.5 T
PHARMACOKINETIC
Extracellular, hepatobiliary
1970 mosm/kg
CONCENTRATION
334 mg/ml
DOSAGE
0.05 mmol/kg for Liver MRI
0.1 mmol/kg for CNS MRI
PREPARATION
Solution for injection
INDICATION
CNS, Liver MRI
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
For sale
DISTRIBUTOR
See below
PRESENTATION
Vials of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mL, 50 and 100 mL Multipacks (Pharmacy Bulk Package)
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
Distribution Information
TERRITORY
TRADE NAME
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE
DISTRIBUTOR
EU
MultiHance®
for sale
USA
MultiHance®
for sale
Australia
MultiHance®
for sale
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MultiHance®' (9).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'MultiHance®' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Important Drug Warning for Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Wednesday, 12 September 2007   by www.ismrm.org    
MultiHance Package Insert(.pdf)
   by www.fda.gov    
  News & More:
FDA Expands Pediatric Age Range for MultiHance Contrast Agent
Tuesday, 30 January 2018   by www.empr.com    
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF FOCAL LIVER LESIONS(.pdf)
2002
BRACCO DIAGNOSTICS' MULTIHANCE EARNS FDA APPROVAL
Wednesday, 24 November 2004   by salesandmarketingnetwork.com    
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Nonionic Intravenous Contrast AgentsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Radiographic low-osmolar nonionic contrast agents have less side effects and fewer nephrotoxicity than ionic, high-osmolar agents. Gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents have a different formulation from iodinated X-ray contrast media, and there is no known cross sensitivity between these two types of contrast agents. Intravenous MRI contrast agents, specifically the gadolinium chelates have a high safety and lack of nephrotoxicity compared with X-ray contrast media.
The used gadolinium chelates differ in following properties: linear (e.g., gadodiamide and gadoversetamide have nonionic linear structures) vs. macrocyclic cores, and ionic vs. nonionic types. The nonionic molecules have lower osmolality and viscosity, which increase digestibility at greater concentrations, and make faster bolus injections conceivable. The macrocyclic molecules (e.g., gadoteridol has a nonionic macrocyclic ring structure) are more stable and show fewer tendencies to dissociate free Gd.

See also ProHance®, Omniscan®, OptiMARK®, Ionic Intravenous Contrast Agents.

See also the related poll result: 'MRI will have replaced 50% of x-ray exams by'
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Nonionic Intravenous Contrast Agents' (4).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
Spurious Hypocalcemia After Omniscan- or OptiMARK-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Algorithm for Minimizing a False-Positive Laboratory Value
   by arpa.allenpress.com    
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Radiology  (8) Open this link in a new windowUltrasound  (2) Open this link in a new window
Positive Oral Contrast AgentsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Types of oral contrast agents with positive signal enhancement:
•
•
•
Combinations of these

Ideal oral contrast agents are immiscible with water, biologically inert, have a low viscosity and surface tension. Oral positive contrast agents may improve the separation of bowel loops, the detection of polyps in colon MRI or the assessment of inflammatory bowel in the small intestine. Several positive oral contrast agents are available and they are safe to use, for example gadolinium solution, ferric ammonium citrate, different oil emulsions and pediatric formula.
Unfavorably motion artifacts caused by respiration and peristalsis may be increased in MR imaging. In addition, the signal of the positive contrast medium may decrease caused by dilution in gastrointestinal (GI) secretions. With the use of contrast agents that are immiscible with water, no dilution and accompanying signal loss occur even when the contrast agent is in contact with the intraluminal contents of the GI tract. Another disadvantage may be residual substances in the bowel, resembling masses when enclosed by bright signal. In addition, positive contrast agents may have a similar signal as bright masses, which make their (e.g. lipoma) detection difficult.

See also Gastrointestinal Paramagnetic Contrast Agents, Combination Oral Contrast Agents, Gastrointestinal Diamagnetic Contrast Agents.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 MR Colonography Gadolinium per Rectum  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Components of Oral Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(.pdf)
   by www.ffcr.or.jp    
Hydro-MRI of the Small Bowel: Effect of Contrast Volume, Timing of Contrast Administration, and Data Acquisition on Bowel Distention
Sunday, 1 October 2006   by www.ajronline.org    
MRI Resources 
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