[This entry is marked for removal.]

Toshiba Medical Systems started 1914 and was a leading diagnostic imaging manufacturer with departments including research, development, production, service and support of medical imaging equipment and systems. 1976 Toshiba America Medical Systems, Inc. (TAMS) was founded to coordinate sales and service for previously established business operations in the USA.

In March 2016 Toshiba sold its Toshiba Medical Systems for $6 billion to Japan's Canon. After regulatory approval the company got renamed to Canon Medical Systems.

MRI Scanners:

0.2T to 1.0T:
1.5T:
3.0T:

(UTSE) The ultrashort turbo spin echo (TSE / FSE) sequence is a technique with extremely short echo spacing, resulting in shorter scan times. This is an advantage in areas where motion is a problem, for example dynamic or abdominal imaging. The shorter scan time and echo spacing are achieved by using a higher TSE factor and an increased data sampling rate.
Disadvantages are the decrease in SNR (caused through the increase of the bandwidth) and artifacts if minimum echo spacing is used (incomplete dephasing of the 180° pulse FID).

See also Fast Spin Echo.

Imaging techniques in which NMR signals are gathered from the whole object volume to be imaged at once, with appropriate encoding pulse RF and gradient sequences to encode positions of the spins. Many sequential plane imaging techniques can be generalized to volume imaging, at least in principle. Advantages include potential improvement in signal to noise ratio by including signal from the whole volume at once; disadvantages include a bigger computational task for image reconstruction and longer image acquisition times (although the entire volume can be imaged from the one set of data). Also called simultaneous volume imaging.

A technique, which produces a 3 dimensional image of an object. The advantage of this approach is that the signal, acquired from the entire volume has an increased SNR. 'Slices' are defined by a second phase encoded axis, which divides the volume into 'partitions'. There is no gap between the slices in 3D volume imaging, therefore thin slices are possible. The Gz phase encoding gradient is set for several slices in one. But 3D takes more time with thin slices because of this phase encoding gradient. With conventional thin slice imaging, the SNR is poor, with 3D volume imaging this is not the case because the slab (volume) is responsible for SNR.

(3D MRA) The 3D angiography technique can be applied to focus on fast flowing (arterial) blood and to visualize small tortuous vessels. 3D TOF images are less sensitive to turbulent flow artifacts. The advantage of this approach is that the signal, acquired from the entire volume has an increased signal to noise ratio. Slices are defined by a second phase encoded axis, which divides the volume into 'partitions'. 3D TOF MRA is acquired with 3D FT slabs or multiple overlapping thin 3D FT slabs (MOTSA) depending on the coverage required and the range of flow-velocities under examination.
Such 3D techniques can provide equal spatial resolution along all three axes, i.e. be 'isotropic', or the partition thickness can be greater or less than the in plane spatial resolution in which case can be said to be 'anisotropic'. The circle of Willis, anatomy as well as its fast arterial flow, lends itself well to both 3D TOF and 2D or 3D phase contrast angiography.