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Magnetic Resonance Angiography MRAMRI Resource Directory:
 - MRA -
 
(MRA) Magnetic resonance angiography is a medical imaging technique to visualize blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. This MRI technique creates soft tissue contrast between blood vessels and surrounding tissues primarily created by flow, rather than displaying the vessel lumen. There are bright blood and black blood MRA techniques, named according to the appearance of the blood vessels. With this different MRA techniques both, the blood flow and the condition of the blood vessel walls can be seen. Flow effects in MRI can produce a range of artifacts. MRA takes advantage of these artifacts to create predictable image contrast due to the nature of flow.
Technical parameters of the MRA sequence greatly affect the sensitivity of the images to flow with different velocities or directions, turbulent flow and vessel size.
This are the three main types of MRA:
All angiographic techniques differentially enhance vascular MR signal. The names of the bright blood techniques TOF and PCA reflect the physical properties of flowing blood that were exploited to make the vessels appear bright. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography creates the angiographic effect by using an intravenously administered MR contrast agent to selectively shorten the T1 of blood and thereby cause the vessels to appear bright on T1 weighted images.
MRA images optimally display areas of constant blood flow-velocity, but there are many situations where the flow within a voxel has non-uniform speed or direction. In a diseased vessel these patterns are even more complex. Similar loss of streamline flow occurs at all vessel junctions and stenoses, and in regions of mural thrombosis. It results in a loss of signal, due to the loss of phase coherence between spins in the voxel.
This signal loss, usually only noticeable distal to a stenosis, used to be an obvious characteristic of MRA images. It is minimized by using small voxels and the shortest possible TE. Signal loss from disorganized flow is most noticeable in TOF imaging but also affects the PCA images.
Indications to perform a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA):
Detection of aneurysms and dissections
Evaluation of the vessel anatomy, including variants
Blockage by a blood clot or stenosis of the blood vessel caused by plaques (the buildup of fat and calcium deposits)

Conventional angiography or computerized tomography angiography (CT angiography) may be needed after MRA if a problem (such as an aneurysm) is present or if surgery is being considered.

See also Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 CE-MRA of the Carotid Arteries Colored MIP  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 CE MRA of the Aorta  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 TOF-MRA Circle of Willis Inverted MIP  Open this link in a new window
    

 PCA-MRA 3D Brain Venography Colored MIP  Open this link in a new window
    

 Circle of Willis, Time of Flight, MIP  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 
Radiology-tip.comradCT Angiography,  Angiogram
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Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.comVascular Ultrasound,  Intravascular Ultrasound
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• Related Searches:
    • Blood Pool Agents
    • Angiography
    • Circle of Willis
    • Coronary Angiography
    • Partial Echo
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Magnetic resonance angiography: current status and future directions
Wednesday, 9 March 2011   by www.jcmr-online.com    
MR–ANGIOGRAPHY(.pdf)
  News & More:
3-D-printed model of stenotic intracranial artery enables vessel-wall MRI standardization
Friday, 14 April 2017   by www.eurekalert.org    
Conventional MRI and MR Angiography of Stroke
2012   by www.mc.vanderbilt.edu    
MR Angiography Highly Accurate In Detecting Blocked Arteries
Thursday, 1 February 2007   by www.sciencedaily.com    
MRI Resources 
Safety Products - MR Myelography - Process Analysis - Knee MRI - MRI Technician and Technologist Jobs - Brain MRI
 
ABLAVAR™InfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
ABLAVAR™ (formerly named Vasovist™) is a blood pool agent for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), which opens new medical imaging possibilities in the evaluation of aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) in patients with suspected peripheral vascular disease.
ABLAVAR™ binds reversibly to blood albumin, providing imaging with high spatial resolution up to 1 hour after injection, due to its high relaxivity and to the long lasting increased signal intensity of blood.
As with other contrast media: the possibility of serious or life-threatening anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions, including cardiovascular, respiratory and/or cutaneous manifestations, should always be considered.

WARNING:
NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS
Gadolinium-based contrast agents increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with acute or chronic severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2), or acute renal insufficiency of any severity due to the hepato-renal syndrome or in the perioperative liver transplantation period.

See also Cardiovascular Imaging, Adverse Reaction, Molecular Imaging, and MRI Safety.
Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND
Diphenylcyclohexyl phosphodiester-Gd-DTPA, gadofosveset trisodium, MS-325
CENTRAL MOIETY
Gd2+
CONTRAST EFFECT
T1, predominantly positive enhancement
20-45 mmol-1sec-1, Bo=0,47T
PHARMACOKINETIC
Intravascular
825 mOsmol/kg H2O
CONCENTRATION
244 mg/mL, 0.25mmol/mL
DOSAGE
0.12 mL/kg, 0.03 mmol/kg
PREPARATION
ready to use
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
FDA approved
DISTRIBUTOR
See below
PRESENTATION
10 mL vials
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
Distribution Information
TERRITORY
TRADE NAME
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE
DISTRIBUTOR
EU
Approved
USA, Canada, Australia
ABLAVAR™
Approved
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• View the DATABASE results for 'ABLAVAR™' (3).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'ABLAVAR™' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Ablavar Prescribing Information
   by www.ablavar.com    
  News & More:
The first FDA-approved blood-pool MR agent offers additional time for imaging and possibly some new applications
Thursday, 1 July 2010   by www.radiologytoday.net    
MRI Resources 
Coils - Contrast Enhanced MRI - Research Labs - Spectroscopy - MRI Centers - Collections
 
Artirem®InfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Artirem®, the arthrography-specific contrast agent for MRI is a dilute form of Dotarem® with a less concentration of Gd (1:200). Artirem® has to be injected directly into the joints for better visualization and delimitation, of the ligament and tendon structures in particular.
Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND
DEVELOPER
CENTRAL MOIETY
Gd2+
CONTRAST EFFECT
T1, Predominantly positive enhancement
r1=3.4, r2=4.8, B0=1.0T
PHARMACOKINETIC
Intravascular, extracellular, renal excretion
CONCENTRATION
0,0025 mmol/ml
PREPARATION
Finished product
INDICATION
Arthrography
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
For sale
DISTRIBUTOR
See below
PRESENTATION
Pre-filled syringes of 20 mL
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
Distribution Information
TERRITORY
TRADE NAME
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE
DISTRIBUTOR
EU
for sale
France, Switzerland
Artirem®
for sale
Australia
for sale
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Artirem®' (4).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
EMA's final opinion confirms restrictions on use of linear gadolinium agents in body scans
Friday, 21 July 2017   by www.ema.europa.eu    
Searchterm 'T1 PRE effect' was also found in the following service: 
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News  (2)  
 
Lung ImagingMRI Resource Directory:
 - Lung Imaging -
 
Lung imaging is furthermore a challenge in MRI because of the predominance of air within the lungs and associated susceptibility issues as well as low signal to noise of the inflated lung parenchyma. Cardiac and respiratory triggered or breath hold sequences allow diagnostic imaging, however a comparable image quality with computed tomography is still difficult to achieve.
Assumptions for lung MRI:
Low signal to noise ratio of the inherently low lung proton density.
Cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts.
Magnetic susceptibility effects of large magnetic field gradients.
Very short transverse relaxation times and significant diffusion yielding short T2 (30-70 msec), short T2* (1-3 msec), and additional long T1 relaxation times (1300-1500 msec).
The extreme short T2 values are responsible for a fast signal decay during a single shot readout, resulting in blurring.

The current trends in MRI are the use of new imaging technologies and increasingly powerful magnetic fields. Among these technologies are parallel imaging techniques as well as ventilation agents like hyperpolarized helium for the use as an inert inhalational contrast agent to study lung ventilation properties. With hyperpolarized gases clear images of the lungs can be obtained without using a large magnetic field (see also back projection imaging). Single shot sequences (e.g. TSE or Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo HASTE) used in lung MR imaging benefits from parallel imaging techniques due to reduced relaxation time effects during the echo train and therefore reduced image blurring as well as reduced motion artifacts.
In the future, more effective contrast agents may provide an alternative solution to the need for high field MRI. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI perfusion has demonstrated a potential in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or to characterize lung cancer and mediastinal tumors. 3D contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the thoracic vessel.

See also the related poll result: 'MRI will have replaced 50% of x-ray exams by'
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Anatomic Imaging of the Lungs  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 Normal Lung Gd Perfusion MRI  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 MRI Thorax Basal Plane  Open this link in a new window
 
Radiology-tip.comradLung Scintigraphy
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Lung Imaging' (7).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Lung Imaging' (3).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
A safer approach for diagnostic medical imaging
Monday, 29 September 2014   by www.eurekalert.org    
Parallel Lung Imaging(.pdf)
  News & More:
Chest MRI a viable alternative to chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia follow-up
Monday, 21 September 2020   by www.healthimaging.com    
CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV)
Tuesday, 4 February 2020   by pubs.rsna.org    
Polarean Imaging Phase III Trial Results Point to Potential Improvements in Lung Imaging
Wednesday, 29 January 2020   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
Low Power MRI Helps Image Lungs, Brings Costs Down
Thursday, 10 October 2019   by www.medgadget.com    
Chest MRI Using Multivane-XD, a Novel T2-Weighted Free Breathing MR Sequence
Thursday, 11 July 2019   by www.sciencedirect.co    
Researchers Review Importance of Non-Invasive Imaging in Diagnosis and Management of PAH
Wednesday, 11 March 2015   by lungdiseasenews.com    
New MRI Approach Reveals Bronchiectasis' Key Features Within the Lung
Thursday, 13 November 2014   by lungdiseasenews.com    
MRI techniques improve pulmonary embolism detection
Monday, 19 March 2012   by medicalxpress.com    
  News & More:
Partnership with VIDA to streamline adoption of advanced MRI of the lungs
Monday, 11 September 2023   by www.itnonline.com    
MRI Resources 
Colonography - Directories - IR - Veterinary MRI - Developers - Quality Advice
 
Magnevist® EnteralInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Magnevist® enteral (Gadopentetate) is a Gd-DTPA solution for use as a gastrointestinal contrast agent to visualize the bowel in MRI scans.

See also Positive Oral Contrast Agents and Gadopentetate Gastrointestinal.
Drug Information and Specification
CENTRAL MOIETY
Gd3+
CONTRAST EFFECT
T1, Predominantly positive enhancement
Paramagnetic
PHARMACOKINETIC
Gastrointestinal
CONCENTRATION
0.001 mol/L
DOSAGE
100 ml oral
PREPARATION
Finished product
INDICATION
Bowel marking
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
For sale
DISTRIBUTOR
See below
PRESENTATION
Vial of 100 mL
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
Distribution Information
TERRITORY
TRADE NAME
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE
DISTRIBUTOR
USA
Magnevist® enteral
for sale
EU
Magnevist® enteral
for sale
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Magnevist® Enteral' (3).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
MRI Technician and Technologist Jobs - Service and Support - Raman Spectroscopy - Pacemaker - Mobile MRI - Examinations
 
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