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Signal Averaging
 
A signal to noise improvement method that is accomplished by taking the average of several FID`s made under similar conditions to suppress the effects of random variations or random artifacts. It is a common method to increase the SNR by averaging several measurements of the signal.
The number of averages is also referred to as the number of excitations (NEX) or the number of acquisitions (NSA). Doubling the number of acquisitions will increase the SNR by √2. The approximate amount of improvement in signal to noise (SNR) ratio is calculated as the square root of the number of excitations.
By using multiple averages, respiratory motion can be reduced in the same way that multiple averages increase the signal to noise ratio. NEX/NSA will increase SNR but will not affect contrast unless the tissues are being lost in noise (low CNR). Scan time scales directly with NEX/NSA and SNR as the square root of NEX/NSA.
The use of phase array coils allows the number of signal averages to be decreased with their superior SNR and resolution, thereby decreasing scan time.
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Averaging
 
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Image Quality
 
The quality of magnetic resonance imaging is particularly dependent on image resolution (matrix, field of view, slice thickness), contrast (TE, TR), signal to noise ratio (bandwidth, signal averaging) and lack of artifacts. These MRI parameters are affected by the field homogeneity, the field strength, the coil, the pulse sequence type and imaging techniques like parallel imaging.

See also Image Contrast Characteristics.
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Image Characteristics and Quality
   by www.sprawls.org    
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Multiple Sensitive Point
 
Sequential line imaging technique utilizing two orthogonal oscillating magnetic field gradients, a SFP pulse sequence, and signal averaging to isolate the NMR spectrometer sensitivity to a desired line in the body.
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Number of Excitations
 
(NEX) How many times each line of k-space data is acquired during the scan.

See also Signal Averaging.
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Further Reading:
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Diffusion-Weighted MRI in the Body: Applications and Challenges in Oncology
Friday, 1 June 2007   by www.ajronline.org    
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