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Ventilation AgentsInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
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etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Inert hyperpolarized gases are under development for imaging air spaces, including those in the lungs. Because they mostly contain air and water, lungs are difficult organs to image.
These ventilation agents (gases) have potential in lung imaging and are currently used in studies of the pulmonary ventilation:
perfluorinated gases
aerosolized gadolinium-DTPA
hyperpolarized gases (xenon-129, helium-3)
molecular oxygen

Specific isotopes of inert gases can be hyperpolarized. Hyperpolarized is a state in which almost all of the atoms nuclei are spinning in the same direction. Once the nuclei in the isotope 3He have been hyperpolarized using a laser, they remain in this state for several days. The inert, hyperpolarized gas can then be used in a lung imaging study, where the high concentration of polarized nuclei provides a sharp contrast in MRI. The technique is already being developed with a view to commercialization by Magnetic Imaging Technologies in Durham, North Carolina. According to the company, existing MRI equipment can be used with a few minor modifications, along with a gas polarizer. The technique could provide early detection and monitoring of pulmonary disease.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe can also be used as a magnetic resonance tracer because of its MR-enhanced sensitivity combined with its high solubility. This isotope differs from 3He in that it can dissolve in the blood. Strong enhancement of the nuclear spin polarization of xenon in the gas phase can be achieved by optical pumping of rubidium and subsequent spin-exchange with the xenon nuclei. This technique can increase the magnetic resonance signal of xenon by five orders of magnitude, thus allowing NMR detection of xenon in very low concentration. MR spectroscopy and imaging of optically polarized xenon shows considerable potential for medical applications (see also back projection imaging).
Nycomed Amersham anticipated the market for inert gases in pulmonary imaging. The company obtained an exclusive license for the use of helium (He) and xenon (Xe) as MRI contrast agents. Currently, the US FDA has not yet approved the commercial distribution of inert gas imaging equipment, because the technique is still undergoing trials.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
New oxygen-enhanced MRI scan 'helps identify most dangerous tumours'
Thursday, 10 December 2015   by www.dailymail.co.uk    
Low-Field MRI of Laser Polarized Noble Gas
   by xenon.unh.edu    
  News & More:
Hyperpolarized Gas MRI for Pulmonary Disease Assessment: Interview with Richard Hullihen, CEO of Polarean Imaging
Wednesday, 9 September 2020   by www.medgadget.com    
Pumpkin-shaped molecule enables 100-fold improved MRI contrast: new agent for detecting pathological cells
Tuesday, 13 October 2015   by phys.org    
MRI Mapping of Cerebrovascular Reactivity via Gas Inhalation Challenges
Wednesday, 17 December 2014   by www.jove.com    
Using MRI to study gas reactions
Thursday, 31 January 2008   by www.theengineer.co.uk    
New Technique Reveals Insights Into Lung Disease
Thursday, 13 December 2007   by www.sciencedaily.com    
Searchterm 'NMR' was also found in the following service: 
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Volume Imaging
 
Imaging techniques in which NMR signals are gathered from the whole object volume to be imaged at once, with appropriate encoding pulse RF and gradient sequences to encode positions of the spins. Many sequential plane imaging techniques can be generalized to volume imaging, at least in principle. Advantages include potential improvement in signal to noise ratio by including signal from the whole volume at once; disadvantages include a bigger computational task for image reconstruction and longer image acquisition times (although the entire volume can be imaged from the one set of data). Also called simultaneous volume imaging.
 
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Volume Imaging' (7).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Volume Imaging' (4).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
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3D-DOCTOR Tutorial
   by www.ablesw.com    
4D-Fueled AI with DCE-MRI Improves Breast Lesion Characterization
Friday, 26 February 2021   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
MRI Resources 
Artifacts - Mobile MRI Rental - Shoulder MRI - Breast Implant - Cochlear Implant - Intraoperative MRI
 
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