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Knee MRI
 
Knee MRI, with its high soft tissue contrast is one of the main imaging tools to depict knee joint pathology. MRI allows accurate imaging of intra-articular structures such as ligaments, cartilage, menisci, bone marrow, synovium, and adjacent soft tissue.
Knee exams require a dedicated extremity coil, providing a homogenous imaging volume and high SNR to ensure best signal coverage. A complete knee MR examination includes for example sagittal and coronal T1 weighted, and proton density weighted pulse sequences +/- fat saturation, or STIR sequences. For high spatial resolution, maximal 4 mm thick slices with at least an in plane resolution of 0.75 mm and small gap are recommended. To depict the anterior cruciate ligament clearly, the sagittal plane has to be rotated 10 - 20° externally (parallel to the medial border of the femoral condyle). Retropatellar cartilage can bee seen for example in axial T2 weighted gradient echo sequences with Fatsat. However, the choice of the pulse sequences is depended of the diagnostic question, the used scanner, and preference of the operator.
Diagnostic quality in knee imaging is possible with field strengths ranging from 0.2 to 3T. With low field strengths more signal averages must be measured, resulting in increased scan times to provide equivalent quality as high field strengths.
More diagnostic information of meniscal tears and chondral defects can be obtained by direct magnetic resonance arthrography, which is done by introducing a dilute solution of gadolinium in saline (1:1000) into the joint capsule. The knee is then scanned in all three planes using T1W sequences with fat suppression. For indirect arthrography, the contrast is given i.v. and similar scans are started 20 min. after injection and exercise of the knee.
Frequent indications of MRI scans in musculoskeletal knee diseases are:
e.g., meniscal degeneration and tears, ligament injuries, osteochondral fractures, osteochondritis dissecans, avascular bone necrosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

See also Imaging of the Extremities and STIR.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Sagittal Knee MRI Images T1 Weighted  Open this link in a new window
      

 Anatomic MRI of the Knee 2  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 Knee MRI Coronal Pd Spir 001  Open this link in a new window
 Sagittal Knee MRI Images STIR  Open this link in a new window
      

 Axial Knee MRI Images T2 Weighted  Open this link in a new window
 Anatomic MRI of the Knee 1  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 
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• Related Searches:
    • MRI Procedure
    • Fat Suppression
    • Shoulder MRI
    • Short T1 Inversion Recovery
    • Inversion Recovery
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: Relaxation Times and Image Contrast
Sunday, 1 August 2004   by www.ajronline.org    
Knee, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (MRI)
Tuesday, 28 March 2006   by www.emedicine.com    
  News & More:
NSAIDs May Worsen Arthritis Inflammation
Monday, 21 November 2022   by www.itnonline.com    
A Knee MRI in Half the Time? It's Possible
Thursday, 8 April 2021   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
Seniors, patients, astronauts will all benefit from new USask research on bone health
Saturday, 27 February 2021   by www.yorktonthisweek.com    
3D mapping algorithm reads knee MRIs for new arthritis treatments
Thursday, 11 June 2020   by www.healthimaging.com    
MRI T2 Mapping of the Knee Providing Synthetic Morphologic Images: Comparison to Conventional Turbo Spin-Echo MRI
Tuesday, 1 October 2019   by pubs.rsna.org    
Researcher uses MRI to measure joint's geometry and role in severe knee injury
Tuesday, 23 September 2014   by medicalxpress.com    
Abnormalities on MRI predict knee replacement
Monday, 9 March 2015   by medicalxpress.com    
MRI Resources 
Non-English - Stent - Stimulator pool - Absorption and Emission - Movies - Spine MRI
 
Shoulder MRI
 
MRI of the shoulder with its excellent soft tissue discrimination, and high spatial resolution offers the best noninvasive way to study the shoulder. MRI images of the bone, muscles and tendons of the glenohumeral joint can be obtained in any oblique planes and projections. MRI gives excellent depiction of rotator cuff tears, injuries to the biceps tendon and damage to the glenoid labrum. Shoulder MRI is better than ultrasound imaging at depicting structural changes such as osteophytic spurs, ligament thickening, and acromial shape that may have predisposed to tendon degeneration.
A dedicated shoulder coil and careful patient positioning in external rotation with the shoulder as close as reasonably possible to the center of the magnet is necessary for a good image quality. If possible, the opposite shoulder should be lifted up, so that the patient lies on the imaged shoulder in order to rotate and fix this shoulder to reduce motion during breathing.
Axial, coronal oblique, and sagittal oblique proton density with fat suppression, T2 and T1 provide an assessment of the rotator cuff, biceps, deltoid, acromio-clavicular joint, the glenohumeral joint and surrounding large structures. If a labral injury is suspected, a Fat Sat gradient echo sequence is recommended. In some cases, a direct MR shoulder arthrogram with intra-articular injection of dilute gadolinium or an indirect arthrogram with imaging 20 min. after intravenous injection may be helpful.

See also Imaging of the Extremities.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Anatomic Imaging of the Shoulder  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 
Radiology-tip.comradArthrography
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Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.comLow Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound,  Musculoskeletal and Joint Ultrasound
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Shoulder MRI' (3).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Shoulder MRI' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
The Spectrum of Shoulder Pathologies on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Review
Wednesday, 6 September 2023   by www.cureus.com    
MRI costs wide-ranging
Thursday, 14 April 2011   by www.chieftain.com    
MRE Could Provide A Definitive Diagnosis For People With Muscle Pain, Study Shows
Friday, 30 November 2007   by www.sciencedaily.com    
Peer-Reviewed Study Concludes The FONAR UPRIGHT™ MRI Could Serve as the “Standard Procedure of Care” for Pediatric Shoulder Malady
Wednesday, 30 May 2007   by www.fonar.com    
MRI Resources 
Jobs - Case Studies - Quality Advice - Open Directory Project - Cochlear Implant - Research Labs
 
NitroxidesInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
Nitroxide radicals (or nitroxyl spin labels) are stable organic compounds with theoretical potential for use as a paramagnetic MRI contrast agent. Similar to gadolinium they have an unpaired electron, a property that provides enhancement in T1 based MRI, and a comparable pharmacokinetic. Depending on their structure and chemical bonding, different nitroxides formula may have the potential for use as cardiovascular imaging agents, to enhance the MR imaging on joints (e.g., dendrimer-linked nitroxides have a strong affinity for cartilage), to evaluate brain tumors and infarction, and as a contrast enhancement agent of body/abdominal NMR imaging. Nitroxides are rapidly enzymatically reduced in tissues to products that do not enhance the NMR signal, which can be a problem for MR imaging. In animal experiments with EPRI (electron paramagnetic resonance imaging), tissue redox studies show differences between tumors and normal tissues, which reflect their respective redox status consistent with the reduction/clearance of nitroxides.
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Nitroxides' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for Small Animal Imaging Applications
   by pet.radiology.uiowa.edu    
Searchterm 'Joint MRI' was also found in the following service: 
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News  (28)  
 
MRI Scan
 
The definition of a scan is to form an image or an electronic representation. The MRI scan uses magnetic resonance principles to produce extremely detailed pictures of the body tissue without the need for X-ray exposure or other damaging forms of radiation.
MRI scans show structures of the different tissues in the body. The tissue that has the least hydrogen atoms (e.g., bones) appears dark, while the tissue with many hydrogen atoms (e.g., fat) looks bright. The MRI pictures of the brain show details and abnormal structures (brain MRI), for example, tumors, multiple sclerosis lesions, bleedings, or brain tissue that has suffered lack of oxygen after a stroke. A cardiac MRI scan demonstrates the heart as well as blood vessels (cardiovascular imaging) and is used to detect heart defects with e.g., changes in the thickness and infarctions of the muscles around the heart. With MRI scans, nearly all kind of body parts can be tested, for example the joints like knee and shoulder, lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine, the pelvis including fetal MRI, and the soft parts of the body such as the liver, kidneys, and spleen. The MRI procedure includes three to nine imaging sequences and may take up to one hour.

See also Lumbar Spine MRI, MRI Safety and Open MRI.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Angulation of Cardiac Planes Cine Images of Septal Infarct  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 Normal Fetus  Open this link in a new window
    

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 MRI - Anatomic Imaging of the Ankle 1  Open this link in a new window
    
SlidersSliders Overview

 Anatomic Imaging of the Orbita  Open this link in a new window
      

 
Radiology-tip.comradDiagnostic Imaging,  Computed Tomography
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Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.comUltrasound Imaging,  Sonography
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MRI Scan' (31).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'MRI Scan' (95).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Bringing More Value to Imaging Departments With MRI
Friday, 4 October 2019   by www.itnonline.com    
  News & More:
A Knee MRI in Half the Time? It's Possible
Thursday, 8 April 2021   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
Michigan radiologist warns about 'incidental findings' in full body MRI scans
Wednesday, 4 October 2023   by www.wilx.com    
ACCELERATING MRI SCANS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Friday, 28 August 2020   by www.analyticsinsight.net    
Radiographer's Lego Open MRI Product Idea Reaches New Milestone
Monday, 11 November 2019   by www.itnonline.com    
Why we need erasable MRI scans
Wednesday, 25 April 2018   by phys.org    
MRI as accurate as CT for Crohn's disease detection, management
Tuesday, 6 June 2017   by www.healthimaging.com    
MRI scans predict patients' ability to fight the spread of cancer
Tuesday, 12 December 2017   by eurekalert.org    
Audio/Video System helps patients relax during MRI scans
Monday, 8 December 2014   by news.thomasnet.com    
MRI scans could be a 'game-changer' in prostate cancer testing
Tuesday, 5 August 2014   by www.abc.net.au    
7-Tesla MRI scanner allows even more accurate diagnosis of breast cancer
Thursday, 6 March 2014   by www.healthcanal.com    
MRI Resources 
Stimulator pool - Societies - Safety Training - Abdominal Imaging - Health - Raman Spectroscopy
 
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