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News  (2)  
 
MSK-Extremeâ„¢InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.onicorp.com/ From ONI Medical Systems, Inc.;
MSK-Extremeâ„¢MRI system is a dedicated high field extremity imaging device, designed to provide orthopedic surgeons and other physicians with detailed diagnostic images of the foot, ankle, knee, hand, wrist and elbow, all with the clinical confidence and advantages derived from high field, whole body MRI units. The light weight (less than 650 kg) of the OrthOne System performs rapid patient studies, is easy to operate, has a patient friendly open environment and can be installed in a practice office or hospital, all at a cost similar to a low field extremity machine.
New features include a more powerful operating system that offers increased scan speed as well as a 160-mm knee coil with higher signal to noise ratio, and the option of a CD burner.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Dedicated extremity imaging
CONFIGURATION
16 cm knee, 18 cm lower extremity;; 12.3 cm upper extremity, additional high resolution v-SPEC Coils: 80 mm, 100 mm, or 145 mm.
SYNCHRONIZATION
No
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, FSE, GE2D, GE3D, Inversion recovery (IR), Driven Equilibrium, Fat Saturation (FS), STIR, MT, PD, Flow Compensation (FC), RF spoiling, MTE, No Phase Wrap (NPW)
IMAGING MODES
Scout, single, multislice, volume
TR
10-10,000ms; 1ms steps
TE
5-150ms; 1 ms steps
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
2D less than 200 msec/image
4cm-16cm
2D: 2mm-10mm/.1mm incr.
Up to 1,000x1,000
MEASURING MATRIX
X/Y: 64-512; 2 pixel steps
PIXEL INTENSITY
4,096 grey lvls; 256 lvls in 3D
28cm ID x 50cm L
MAGNET WEIGHT
635 kg
H*W*D
146 x 69 x 84 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
115VAC, 1phase, 20A; 208VAC, 3 phase, 30A
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
LHe with 2 stage cold head
Negligible
STRENGTH
15 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
1.25m radial x 1.8m axial
Passive
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
MSK Extreme Brochure(.pdf)
   by www.nova-logic.ch    
MSK Extreme Specifications(.pdf)
   by www.nova-logic.ch    
MRI Resources 
Used and Refurbished MRI Equipment - Functional MRI - Process Analysis - Calculation - Collections - Resources
 
Excelart XGâ„¢ with PianissimoInfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
http://www.medical.toshiba.com/clinical/radiology/15texcelart.htm From Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc.;
the EXCELART is a superconducting whole body MRI system with a short wide-bore magnet, operating at 1.5 T. It features powerful high-speed gradients with a revolutionary gradient acoustic noise reduction system: Pianissimo. The dramatic reduction of gradient acoustic noise by Pianissimo greatly enhances patient comfort during exams. The standard array platform and a wide range of array coils ensure excellent images. A powerful 64-bit RISC-based computer system and newly developed array processor realize high productivity.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Cylindrical Wide Short Bore
Optional (WIP)
SYNCHRONIZATION
ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, FE, IR, FastSE, FastIR, FastFLAIR, Fast STIR, FastFE, FASE, Hybrid EPI, Multi Shot EPI; Angiography: 2D(gate/non-gate)/3D TOF, SORS-STC
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study
TR
2.6-30000 msec
TE
8 msec min. SE; 0.9 msec min. FE
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
less than 0.011 (256x256)
FOV
2 cm
1.0 min. 2-DFT: 0.2 min. 3-DFT
Up to 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
32-1024, phase;; 64-1024, freq.
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
65.5 cm, patient aperture
MAGNET WEIGHT
4050 kg (bare magnet incl. L-He)
H*W*D
235 x 219 x 199 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380/400/415/440/480 V
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Closed-loop water-cooled
CRYOGEN USE
Liquid helium: approx. less than 0.05 L/hr
STRENGTH
25 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m / 4.0 m
Passive, active, auto-active
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Excelart XG™ with Pianissimo' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
Angio, cardiac imaging top list for MR and CT
1999   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
MRI Resources 
MRI Technician and Technologist Schools - Corporations - Services and Supplies - MRI Accidents - Crystallography - Bioinformatics
 
Opera (E-SCANâ„¢ XQ)InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.esaote.com/products/MRI/eScanXQ/products1.htm Manufactured by Esaote S.p.A.;
a low field open MRI scanner with permanent magnet for orthopedic use. The outstanding feature of this MRI system is a patient friendly design with 24 cm diameter, which allows the imaging of extremities and small body parts like shoulder MRI. The power consumption is around 1.3 kW and the needed minimum floor space is an area of 16 sq m.
At RSNA 2006 Hologic Inc. introduced a new dedicated extremity MRI scanner, the Opera. Manufactured by Esaote is the Opera a redesign of Esaote's 0.2 Tesla E-Scan XQ platform, which now enables complete imaging of all extremities, including hip and shoulder applications. 'Real-time positioning' reportedly speeds patient setup and reduces exam times.
Esaote North America and Hologic Inc are the U.S. distributors of this MRI device.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Dedicated extremity
CONFIGURATION
Extremity, shoulder (2), flex coil, knee dual phased array, ankle//foot dual phased array, hand//wrist dual phased array coil
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, GE, IR, STIR, FSE, 3D CE, GE-STIR, 3D GE, ME, TME, HSE
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study, fast scan, multi slab
TR
10 - 5000 msec
TE
6 - 110 msec
SINGLE SLICE
0.6 sec/image
MULTISLICE
0.6 sec/image
17 cm
2D: 2 mm - 10 mm;
3D: 0.6 mm - 10 mm
MEASURING MATRIX
256 x 256 maximum
PIXEL INTENSITY
4096 gray lvls, 256 lvls in 3D
MAGNET TYPE
Permanent
24 cm H, open
MAGNET WEIGHT
2250 kg, 4960 lbs
H*W*D
79 x 65 x 85 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
2,0 kW; 110/220 V single phase
STRENGTH
20 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD, radial/axial
150 cm/130 cm
Passive
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Opera (E-SCAN™ XQ)' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
E-Scan, 510(k) Summary(.pdf)
Saturday, 15 May 2004   by www.accessdata.fda.gov    
Searchterm 'In Phase Image' was also found in the following service: 
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News  (2)  
 
MRI History
 
•
Sir Joseph Larmor (1857-1942) developed the equation that the angular frequency of precession of the nuclear spins being proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. [Larmor relationship]
•
In the 1930's, Isidor Isaac Rabi (Columbia University) succeeded in detecting and measuring single states of rotation of atoms and molecules, and in determining the mechanical and magnetic moments of the nuclei.
•
Felix Bloch (Stanford University) and Edward Purcell (Harvard University) developed instruments, which could measure the magnetic resonance in bulk material such as liquids and solids. (Both honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952.) [The birth of the NMR spectroscopy]
•
In the early 70's, Raymond Damadian (State University of New York) demonstrated with his NMR device, that there are different T1 relaxation times between normal and abnormal tissues of the same type, as well as between different types of normal tissues.
•
In 1973, Paul Lauterbur (State University of New York) described a new imaging technique that he termed Zeugmatography. By utilizing gradients in the magnetic field, this technique was able to produce a two-dimensional image (back-projection). (Through analysis of the characteristics of the emitted radio waves, their origin could be determined.) Peter Mansfield further developed the utilization of gradients in the magnetic field and the mathematically analysis of these signals for a more useful imaging technique. (Paul C Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield were awarded with the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine.)
•
In 1975, Richard Ernst introduced 2D NMR using phase and frequency encoding, and the Fourier Transform. Instead of Paul Lauterbur's back-projection, he timely switched magnetic field gradients ('NMR Fourier Zeugmatography'). [This basic reconstruction method is the basis of current MRI techniques.]
•
1977/78: First images could be presented. A cross section through a finger by Peter Mansfield and Andrew A. Maudsley. Peter Mansfield also could present the first image through the abdomen.
•
In 1977, Raymond Damadian completed (after 7 years) the first MR scanner (Indomitable). In 1978, he founded the FONAR Corporation, which manufactured the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980. Fonar went public in 1981.
•
1981: Schering submitted a patent application for Gd-DTPA dimeglumine.
•
1982: The first 'magnetization-transfer' imaging by Robert N. Muller.
•
In 1983, Toshiba obtained approval from the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan for the first commercial MRI system.
•
In 1984, FONAR Corporation receives FDA approval for its first MRI scanner.
•
1986: Jürgen Hennig, A. Nauerth, and Hartmut Friedburg (University of Freiburg) introduced RARE (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement) imaging. Axel Haase, Jens Frahm, Dieter Matthaei, Wolfgang Haenicke, and Dietmar K. Merboldt (Max-Planck-Institute, Göttingen) developed the FLASH (fast low angle shot) sequence.
•
1988: Schering's MAGNEVIST gets its first approval by the FDA.
•
In 1991, fMRI was developed independently by the University of Minnesota's Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR) and Massachusetts General Hospital's (MGH) MR Center.
•
From 1992 to 1997 Fonar was paid for the infringement of it's patents from 'nearly every one of its competitors in the MRI industry including giant multi-nationals as Toshiba, Siemens, Shimadzu, Philips and GE'.
•
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Cardiac Infarct Short Axis Cine Overview  Open this link in a new window
    

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MRI History' (6).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'MRI History' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, History & Introduction
2000   by www.cis.rit.edu    
A Short History of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
   by www.teslasociety.com    
Fonar Our History
   by www.fonar.com    
  News & More:
Scientists win Nobels for work on MRI
Tuesday, 10 June 2003   by usatoday30.usatoday.com    
2001 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award Winner
   by web.mit.edu    
MRI's inside story
Thursday, 4 December 2003   by www.economist.com    
MRI Resources 
MRI Physics - MRCP - Spectroscopy - Pacemaker - Education pool - Intraoperative MRI
 
Echo Planar ImagingInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Sequences -
 
Echo Planar Imaging Timing Diagram (EPI) Echo planar imaging is one of the early magnetic resonance imaging sequences (also known as Intascan), used in applications like diffusion, perfusion, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Other sequences acquire one k-space line at each phase encoding step. When the echo planar imaging acquisition strategy is used, the complete image is formed from a single data sample (all k-space lines are measured in one repetition time) of a gradient echo or spin echo sequence (see single shot technique) with an acquisition time of about 20 to 100 ms. The pulse sequence timing diagram illustrates an echo planar imaging sequence from spin echo type with eight echo train pulses. (See also Pulse Sequence Timing Diagram, for a description of the components.)
In case of a gradient echo based EPI sequence the initial part is very similar to a standard gradient echo sequence. By periodically fast reversing the readout or frequency encoding gradient, a train of echoes is generated.
EPI requires higher performance from the MRI scanner like much larger gradient amplitudes. The scan time is dependent on the spatial resolution required, the strength of the applied gradient fields and the time the machine needs to ramp the gradients.
In EPI, there is water fat shift in the phase encoding direction due to phase accumulations. To minimize water fat shift (WFS) in the phase direction fat suppression and a wide bandwidth (BW) are selected. On a typical EPI sequence, there is virtually no time at all for the flat top of the gradient waveform. The problem is solved by "ramp sampling" through most of the rise and fall time to improve image resolution.
The benefits of the fast imaging time are not without cost. EPI is relatively demanding on the scanner hardware, in particular on gradient strengths, gradient switching times, and receiver bandwidth. In addition, EPI is extremely sensitive to image artifacts and distortions.
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Echo Planar Imaging' (19).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Echo Planar Imaging' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
New Imaging Method Makes Brain Scans 7 Times Faster
Sunday, 9 January 2011   by www.dailytech.com    
MRI Resources 
Universities - Devices - Collections - MRCP - Health - Anatomy
 
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