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Spin Echo SequenceInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Sequences -
 
Spin Echo Timing Diagram (SE) The most common pulse sequence used in MR imaging is based of the detection of a spin or Hahn echo. It uses 90° radio frequency pulses to excite the magnetization and one or more 180° pulses to refocus the spins to generate signal echoes named spin echoes (SE).
In the pulse sequence timing diagram, the simplest form of a spin echo sequence is illustrated.
The 90° excitation pulse rotates the longitudinal magnetization (Mz) into the xy-plane and the dephasing of the transverse magnetization (Mxy) starts.
The following application of a 180° refocusing pulse (rotates the magnetization in the x-plane) generates signal echoes. The purpose of the 180° pulse is to rephase the spins, causing them to regain coherence and thereby to recover transverse magnetization, producing a spin echo.
The recovery of the z-magnetization occurs with the T1 relaxation time and typically at a much slower rate than the T2-decay, because in general T1 is greater than T2 for living tissues and is in the range of 100-2000 ms.
The SE pulse sequence was devised in the early days of NMR days by Carr and Purcell and exists now in many forms: the multi echo pulse sequence using single or multislice acquisition, the fast spin echo (FSE/TSE) pulse sequence, echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence and the gradient and spin echo (GRASE) pulse sequence;; all are basically spin echo sequences.
In the simplest form of SE imaging, the pulse sequence has to be repeated as many times as the image has lines.
Contrast values:
PD weighted: Short TE (20 ms) and long TR.
T1 weighted: Short TE (10-20 ms) and short TR (300-600 ms)
T2 weighted: Long TE (greater than 60 ms) and long TR (greater than 1600 ms)
With spin echo imaging no T2* occurs, caused by the 180° refocusing pulse. For this reason, spin echo sequences are more robust against e.g., susceptibility artifacts than gradient echo sequences.

See also Pulse Sequence Timing Diagram to find a description of the components.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Shoulder Coronal T1 SE  Open this link in a new window
    

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 Shoulder Axial T1 SE  Open this link in a new window
 MRI Orbita T1  Open this link in a new window
    
 
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• Related Searches:
    • T2 Time
    • Pulse Sequence Timing Diagram
    • Brain MRI
    • Gradient
    • T1 Time
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Fast Spin Echo(.pdf)
Tuesday, 24 January 2006   by www.81bones.net    
Magnetic resonance imaging
   by www.scholarpedia.org    
FUNDAMENTALS OF MRI: Part I
   by www.e-radiography.net    
  News & More:
New MR sequence helps radiologists more accurately evaluate abnormalities of the uterus and ovaries
Thursday, 23 April 2009   by www.eurekalert.org    
MRI techniques improve pulmonary embolism detection
Monday, 19 March 2012   by medicalxpress.com    
MRI Resources 
Lung Imaging - Jobs pool - Universities - DICOM - Libraries - Breast Implant
 
ARTOSCAN™ - MInfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gemedicalsystems.com/rad/mri/products/artoscan/specs.html Developed by GE Lunar; the ARTOSCAN™-M is designed specifically for in-office musculoskeletal imaging. ARTOSCAN-M's compact, modular design allows placing within a clinical environment, bringing MRI to the patient. Patients remain outside the magnet at all times during the examinations, enabling constant patient-technologist contact. ARTOSCAN-M requires no special RF room, magnetic shielding, special power supply or air conditioning.
The C-SCAN™ (also known as Artoscan C) is developed from the ARTOSCAN™ - M, with a new computer platform.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Dedicated extremity
CONFIGURATION
Closed
Linear and dual phased array coil, knee, ankle, wrist coils
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, GE, IR, STIR, FSE, 3D CE, GE-STIR, 3D GE, ME, TME, HSE
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study, fast scan, multi slab, cine
TR
12 - 5,000 msec
TE
5 - 220 msec
SINGLE SLICE
0.8 sec/image
MULTISLICE
0.8 sec/image
FOV
10 - 20 cm
SLICE THICKNESS
2D: 2 mm - 10 mm;
3D: 0.6 mm - 10 mm
512 x 512
MEASURING MATRIX
256 x 256 maximum
PIXEL INTENSITY
4,096 gray lvls, 256 lvls in 3D
MAGNET TYPE
Ferrite Permanent
MAGNET WEIGHT
965 kg
POWER REQUIREMENTS
100/110/200/220/230/240V
STRENGTH
10 mT/m
5 GAUSS FRINGE FIELD, radial/axial
28 cm/60 cm
Passive
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• View the DATABASE results for 'ARTOSCAN™ - M' (3).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
Hospitals - DICOM - Education - Crystallography - Intraoperative MRI - Lung Imaging
 
Aurora® 1.5T Dedicated Breast MRI SystemInfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.
 
www.auroramri.com/mri/product/ From Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc.;
The Aurora® 1.5T Dedicated Breast MRI System with Bilateral SpiralRODEO™ is the first and only FDA approved MRI device designed specifically for breast imaging. The Aurora System, which is already in clinical use at a growing number of leading breast care centers in the US, Europe, got in December 2006 also the approval from the State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China (SFDA).
'Some of the proprietary and distinguishing features of the Aurora System include: 1) an ellipsoid magnetic shim that provides coverage of both breasts, the chest wall and bilateral axillary lymph nodes; 2) a precision gradient coil with the high linearity required for high resolution spiral reconstruction;; 3) a patient-handling table that provides patient comfort and procedural utility; 4) a fully integrated Interventional System for MRI guided biopsy and localization; and 5) the user-friendly AuroraCAD™ computer-aided image display system designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic interpretations.'
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
CONFIGURATION
Short bore compact
IMAGING MODES
Bi-lateral RODEO fat suppression, high resolution Rotating Delivery of Excitation Offresonance Spiral, integrated targeting SW compatible with major MR guided intervention equipment
TR
10 ms for gradient echo and less than 2,500 ms for T2 weighted spin echo
TE
From 5 ms for RODEO Plus to over 80 ms, 120 ms for T2 sequences
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Around 0.02 sec for a 256x256 image, 12.4 sec for a 512 x 512 x 32 multislice set
FOV
20 - 36 cm, max. elliptical 36 x 44 cm
MEASURING MATRIX
512 x 512
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
64 cm diameter (gantry)
MAGNET WEIGHT
8,500 lbs
H*W*D
240 x 188 x 163 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
150A/120V-208Y/3 Phase//60 Hz/5 Wire
COOLING SYSTEM
Helium for magnet, distilled/de-ionized water for coil;
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Aurora® 1.5T Dedicated Breast MRI System' (2).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Aurora® 1.5T Dedicated Breast MRI System' (3).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  News & More:
Aurora Imaging Technology Announces Approval in China
   by salesandmarketingnetwork.com    
Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc. Release: Results of a Multi-Center Trial Demonstrates Superior Diagnostic Performance of the Aurora® 1.5T Dedicated Breast MRI System Over Whole-Body Breast MRI
Monday, 1 October 2012   by www.biospace.com    
Searchterm 'In Phase Image' was also found in the following service: 
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Signa Ovation™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.gehealthcare.com/usen/mr/ovation/index.html From GE Healthcare;
the Signa Ovation™ is a patient-friendly open MRI scanner designed not only to handle a typical patient mix, but to accommodate larger patients, patients who are claustrophobic, and others who have difficulty tolerating the close quarters of conventional MR machines.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Integrated transmit and receive body coil; head coil, 4 channel neurovascular array, 8 channel CTL array, 2 channel shoulder array, 3 channel large extremity array, 3 channel small extremity array, 4 channel foot array, 3 channel wrist array
SYNCHRONIZATION
Standard cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating
PULSE SEQUENCES
Standard: SE, IR, 2D/3D GRE and SPGR, 2D/3D TOF, 2D/3D FSE, 2D/3D FGRE and FSPGR, SSFP, FLAIR, EPI, optional: 2D/3D Fiesta, true chem sat, fat/water separation, single shot diffusion EPI, line scan diffusion
IMAGING MODES
Localizer, single slice, multislice, volume, fast, POMP, multi slab, cine, slice and frequency zip, extended dynamic range, tailored RF
TR
1.3 to 12000 msec in increments of 1 msec
TE
0.4 to 2000 msec in increments of 1 msec
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
Simultaneous scan and reconstruction;; 80 images/second reconstruction
3cm to 40 cm continuous
2D: 1.4mm - 20mm 3D: 0.2mm - 20mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
128x512 steps 32 phase//freq.
PIXEL INTENSITY
256 gray levels
0.08 mm; 0.02 mm optional
MAGNET TYPE
Permanent
175 x 85 x 447 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
19200 kg
H*W*D
530 x 175 x 250 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
200 - 480, 3-phase
GRADIENT COOLING
None
MAX. GRADIENT AMPLITUDE
19 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m/2.5 m
Computerized passive shimming during magnet setup, autoshim per series with automatic table motion to magnet isocenter for each prescription
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Signa Ovation™' (2).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
Mass Spectrometry - Spectroscopy pool - Blood Flow Imaging - MR Guided Interventions - MRI Technician and Technologist Career - RIS
 
AIRIS II™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.hitachimed.com/products/airis_2.asp From Hitachi Medical Systems America Inc.;
the AIRIS II, an entry in the diagnostic category of open MR systems, was designed by Hitachi Medical Systems America Inc. (Twinsburg, OH, USA) and Hitachi Medical Corp. (Tokyo) and is manufactured by the Tokyo branch. A 0.3 T field-strength magnet and phased array coils deliver high image quality without the need for a tunnel-type high-field system, thereby significantly improving patient comfort not only for claustrophobic patients.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Vertical Field, Open MRI
QD Head, MA Head and Neck, QD C-Spine, MA or QD Shoulder, MA CTL Spine, QD Knee, Neck, QD TMJ, QD Breast, QD Flex Body (4 sizes), Small and Large Extrem., QD Wrist, MA Foot and Ankle (WIP), PVA (WIP)
SYNCHRONIZATION
Cardiac gating, ECG/peripheral, respiratory gating (2 modes)
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, GE, GR, IR, FIR, STIR, FSE, ss-FSE, FLAIR, EPI -DWI, SE-EPI, ms - EPI, SSP, MTC, SARGE, RSSG, TRSG, MRCP, Angiography: CE, 2D/3D TOF
IMAGING MODES
Single, multislice, volume study
TR
SE: 30 - 10,000msec GE: 20 - 10,000msec IR: 50 - 16,700msec FSE: 200 - 16,7000msec
TE
SE : 10 - 250msec IR: 10 -250msec GE: 5 - 50 msec FSE: 15 - 2,000
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
0.05 sec/image (256 x 256)
FOV
5cm to 42 cm continuous
2D: 2 - 100 mm; 3D: 0.5 - 5 mm
1280 x 1024
MEASURING MATRIX
512 x 512
PIXEL INTENSITY
Level Range: -2,000 to +4,000
Sub millimeter
MAGNET TYPE
Self-shielded, permanent
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
110 x 43 cm
MAGNET WEIGHT
15,700 kg
H*W*D
79 x 111 x 73 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
208/220/240 V, single phase
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
Air-cooled
STRENGTH
15 mT/m
2.0 m lateral, 2.5 m vert./long
Auto shimming, 3-axis/patient, and volume shim
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• View the DATABASE results for 'AIRIS II™' (2).Open this link in a new window

MRI Resources 
Coils - MR Guided Interventions - Examinations - Online Books - Knee MRI - General
 
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