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Motion Probing Gradient
 
Many MR imaging techniques using Motion Probing Gradients (MPG's) such as Spin Echo (SE), Stimulated Echo (STE), Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enhancement (RARE), Turbo-SE, and SE-EPI (Echo Planar Imaging for Spin echo acquisition), Spiral imaging, and Projection reconstruction including PROPELLER are applicable to DWI. In diffusion weighted imaging, 2 MPG's are required. The MPG's are put symmetrically into both sides of a 180° or 90° RF pulse to change the direction of the magnetized spin in the X-Y plane for spin echo or stimulated echo acquisition.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Diffusion Imaging: From Basic Physics to Practical Imaging
1999   by ej.rsna.org    
  News & More:
Motion Compensation in MR Imaging
   by ccn.ucla.edu    
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Diffusion Weighted SequenceInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
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Diffusion weighted imaging can be performed similar to the phase contrast angiography sequence. The gradients must be increased in amplitude to depict the much slower motions of molecular diffusion in the body.
While a T1 weighted MRI pulse sequence is diffusion sensitive, a quantitative diffusion pulse sequence was introduced by Steijskal and Tanner. Its characteristic features are two strong symmetrical gradient lobes placed on either side of the 180° refocusing pulse in a spin echo sequence. These symmetrical gradient lobes have the sole purpose of enhancing dephasing of spins, thereby accelerating intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) signal loss.
Dephasing is proportional to the square of the time (diffusion time) during which the gradients are switched on and the strength of the applied gradient field. Therefore, the use of high field gradient systems with faster and more sensitive sequences, make diffusion weighting more feasible.
Areas in which the protons diffuse rapidly (swollen cells in early stroke, less restriction to diffusion) will show an increased signal when the echo is measured relative to areas in which diffusion is restricted. For increased accuracy of diffusion measurement and image enhancement, useful motion correction techniques such as navigator echo and other methods should be used. In addition to this, applying the b-value calculated by the strength and duration of motion probing gradients with a high rate of accuracy is very important.

See also Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, ADC Map, Lattice Index Map.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
   by spinwarp.ucsd.edu    
A Comparison of Methods for High-Spatial-Resolution Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Breast MRI
Tuesday, 25 August 2020   by pubs.rsna.org    
Diffusion Imaging: From Basic Physics to Practical Imaging
1999   by ej.rsna.org    
  News & More:
DWI-MRI helps breast cancer patients' chemotherapy response
Friday, 20 January 2023   by www.auntminnieeurope.com    
Effect of gadolinium-based contrast agent on breast diffusion-tensor imaging
Thursday, 6 August 2020   by www.eurekalert.org    
Hopkins researchers use diffusion MRI technique to monitor ultrasound uterine fibroid treatment
Monday, 8 August 2005   by www.eurekalert.org    
Diffusion-weighted MRI sensitive for metastasis in pelvic lymph nodes
Sunday, 15 June 2014   by www.2minutemedicine.com    
EVALUATION OF HUMAN STROKE BY MR IMAGING
2000
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