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Fast Gradient Recalled EchoInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
Overview, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
(FGRE) The fast gradient recalled echo sequence belong to the refocused gradient echo sequences.

See Gradient Echo Sequence.
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Frequency Encoding Gradient
 
(Gf) A frequency encoding gradient produces a magnetic gradient field present during MR signal acquisition to encode signals into different frequencies, depending on their position toward the gradient.
Also called readout gradient.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Magnetic resonance imaging
   by www.scholarpedia.org    
  News & More:
BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Announces MRI Gradient Artifact Removal Tools for ECG and EMG Data
Tuesday, 10 February 2009   by www.biospace.com    
Improved shim method based on the minimization of the maximum off-resonance frequency for balanced SSFP
Monday, 1 June 2009   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
MRI Resources 
Breast MRI - Process Analysis - MR Guided Interventions - Absorption and Emission - Equipment - Societies
 
Oscillating Gradient System
 
A gradient system, which changes the readout gradient sinusoidally by connecting a capacitor to the self inductance generated by the gradient coil. Oscillating gradient systems were initially used in the development of EPI.
This electrical oscillating circuit can be driven with minimal power to generate the gradient amplitudes and switching frequencies required for echo planar imaging (EPI).
Disadvantages are that it is not possible to use any arbitrary trapezoidal gradient wave form as can be used in standard MRI. Also, the gradients are inflexible and cannot be used to create other ultrafast sequences and beside, nonlinear sampling of the MR signal is required.
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Dual Echo Fast Gradient EchoInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
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(DE FGRE, Dual/FFE, DE FFE) Simultaneously acquired in and out of phase TE gradient echo images. To quantitatively measure the signal intensity differences between out of phase and in phase images the parameters should be the same except for the TE.
The chemical shift artifact appearing on the out-of-phase image allows for the detection of lipids in the liver or adrenal gland, such as diffuse fatty infiltration, focal fatty infiltration, focal fatty sparing, benign adrenocortical masses and intracellular lipids within a hepatocellar neoplasm, where spin echo and fat suppression techniques are not as sensitive. Specific pathologies that have been reported include liver lipoma, angiomyolipoma, myelolipoma, metastatic liposarcoma, teratocarcinoma, melanoma, haemorrhagic neoplasm and metastatic choriocarcinoma.
 
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
Adrenal Myelolipoma
Tuesday, 19 June 2001   by www.emedicine.com    
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Small Tip Angle Gradient EchoInfoSheet: - Sequences - 
Intro, 
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 - Sequences -
 
(STAGE) A gradient echo sequence with low flip angles and spoiled gradients.
See Spoiled Gradient Echo Sequence.
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MRI Resources 
Lung Imaging - Crystallography - Portals - Stent - Pregnancy - Image Quality
 
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