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Searchterm 'Flow' was also found in the following services: 
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News  (51)  Resources  (20)  Forum  (14)  
 
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion
 
(IVIM) Spins moving in fluids with different velocities and possibly in different directions. This is being found to a small degree in all tissues as a result of capillary perfusion or diffusion. Important velocity changes occur as one moves from the vessel wall towards the center of the vessel. Hence, spins (to a variable degree) have different velocities within a single imaging voxel.
This effect can be measured using special pulse sequences such as in diffusion imaging or diffusion weighed imaging. When the velocity differences are marked, as occurs in larger blood vessels, effects due to IVIM are visible in standard MR images and give rise to flow related dephasing. The effects are more visible when longer echo times are used.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Diffusion Imaging: From Basic Physics to Practical Imaging
1999   by ej.rsna.org    
  News & More:
EVALUATION OF HUMAN STROKE BY MR IMAGING
2000
Searchterm 'Flow' was also found in the following services: 
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Radiology  (25) Open this link in a new windowUltrasound  (120) Open this link in a new window
Lumirem®InfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Contrast Agents -
 
Lumirem® belongs to the negative oral contrast agents (same as GastroMARK®, another brand name for ferumoxsil). Lumirem® is used to distinguish the loops of the bowel from other abdominal structures and physiology. When Lumirem® is ingested, it flows through and darkens the stomach and the small intestine in 30 to 45 minutes. By more clearly identifying the intestinal loops, Lumirem® improves visualization of adjacent abdominal tissues such as the pancreas.
Additionally, in Europe Lumirem® is approved for rectal administration to delineate the lower intestinal system.
Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND
Ferumoxsil (USAN, SPIO), AMI-121
CENTRAL MOIETY
Fe3+/Fe2+
CONTRAST EFFECT
T2*enhanced
r1=3.4, r2=3.8, B0=1.0T
PHARMACOKINETIC
Gastrointestinal
CONCENTRATION
52.5mg Fe/300mL
DOSAGE
300 mL oral
PREPARATION
Finished product
INDICATION
Bowel marking
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
For sale
DISTRIBUTOR
See below
PRESENTATION
Suspension of 300 mL
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
Distribution Information
TERRITORY
TRADE NAME
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE
DISTRIBUTOR
EU
Lumirem®
for sale
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Lumirem®' (5).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
ferumoxsil, oral suspension GastroMARK GastroMARK ®
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
   by dailymed.nlm.nih.gov    
MRI Resources 
Stimulator pool - Spine MRI - Blood Flow Imaging - Claustrophobia - Databases - Coils
 
MAGNETOM Aera
 
www.healthcare.siemens.com/magnetic-resonance-imaging/0-35-to-1-5t-mri-scanner/magnetom-aera/ From Siemens Medical Systems;
Received FDA clearance in 2010.
The MAGNETOM Aera is a patient friendly, comfortable 1.5 Tesla MRI system with advanced radio frequency chain.
The system is equipped with the Tim 4G and Dot system (Total imaging matrix + Day optimizing throughput), to enhance both productivity and image quality.
Tim 4G technology provides improved SNR. The standard system configuration of 48 radio frequency channels and 204 coil elements creates an imaging matrix that allows maximum use of coil elements at full field of view. Dot provides improved image consistency through new features like auto align, auto FoV and automatic bolus detection.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Whole body
CONFIGURATION
Open bore
Head, spine, torso/ body coil, neurovascular, cardiac, neck, shoulder, knee, wrist, foot//ankle and multi-purpose flex coils. Peripheral vascular, breast, shoulder. Up to 60% more SNR with Tim 4G.
CHANNELS (min. / max. configuration)
48, 64
IMAGING TECHNIQUES
iPAT, mSENSE and GRAPPA (image, k-space), noncontrast angiography, plaque imaging, radial motion compensation, Dixon, improved workflow with Dot, Caipirinha - single digit breath-holds for 3-D body imaging.
MINIMUM TR
3-D GRE: 0.95 (256 matrix)
MINIMUM TE
3-D GRE: 0.22 (256 matrix), Ultra-short TE
FOV
0.5 - 50
BORE DIAMETER
or W x H
At isocenter: L-R 70 cm, A-P (with table) 55 cm
TABLE CAPACITY
250 kg
MAGNET WEIGHT (gantry included)
3121 kg
DIMENSION H*W*D (gantry included)
145 x 231 x 219 cm
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
2.5 m / 4.0 m
CRYOGEN USE
Zero boil off rate, approx. 10 years
COOLING SYSTEM
Water
up to 200 T/m/s
MAX. AMPLITUDE
33 or 45 mT/m
3 linear with 20 coils, 5 nonlinear 2nd-order
POWER REQUIREMENTS
380 / 400 / 420 / 440 / 460 / 480 V, 3-phase + ground; 85 kVA
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MRI SafetyMRI Resource Directory:
 - Safety -
 
There are different types of contraindications that would prevent a person from being examined with an MRI scanner. MRI systems use strong magnetic fields that attract any ferromagnetic objects with enormous force. Caused by the potential risk of heating, produced from the radio frequency pulses during the MRI procedure, metallic objects like wires, foreign bodies and other implants needs to be checked for compatibility. High field MRI requires particular safety precautions. In addition, any device or MRI equipment that enters the magnet room has to be MR compatible. MRI examinations are safe and harmless, if these MRI risks are observed and regulations are followed.

Safety concerns in magnetic resonance imaging include:
•
the magnetic field strength;
•
possible 'missile effects' caused by magnetic forces;
•
the potential for heating of body tissue due to the application of the radio frequency energy;
•
the effects on implanted active devices such as cardiac pacemakers or insulin pumps;
•
magnetic torque effects on indwelling metal (clips, etc.);
•
the audible acoustic noise;
•
danger due to cryogenic liquids;
•
the application of contrast medium;
mri safety guidance
MRI Safety Guidance
It is important to remember when working around a superconducting magnet that the magnetic field is always on. Under usual working conditions the field is never turned off. Attention must be paid to keep all ferromagnetic items at an adequate distance from the magnet. Ferromagnetic objects which came accidentally under the influence of these strong magnets can injure or kill individuals in or nearby the magnet, or can seriously damage every hardware, the magnet itself, the cooling system, etc.. See MRI resources Accidents.
The doors leading to a magnet room should be closed at all times except when entering or exiting the room. Every person working in or entering the magnet room or adjacent rooms with a magnetic field has to be instructed about the dangers. This should include the patient, intensive-care staff, and maintenance-, service- and cleaning personnel, etc..
The 5 Gauss limit defines the 'safe' level of static magnetic field exposure. The value of the absorbed dose is fixed by the authorities to avoid heating of the patient's tissue and is defined by the specific absorption rate. Leads or wires that are used in the magnet bore during imaging procedures, should not form large-radius wire loops. Leg-to-leg and leg-to-arm skin contact should be prevented in order to avoid the risk of burning due to the generation of high current loops if the legs or arms are allowed to touch. The patient's skin should not be in contact with the inner bore of the magnet.
The outflow from cryogens like liquid helium is improbable during normal operation and not a real danger for patients.
The safety of MRI contrast agents is tested in drug trials and they have a high compatibility with very few side effects. The variations of the side effects and possible contraindications are similar to X-ray contrast medium, but very rare. In general, an adverse reaction increases with the quantity of the MRI contrast medium and also with the osmolarity of the compound.

See also 5 Gauss Fringe Field, 5 Gauss Line, Cardiac Risks, Cardiac Stent, dB/dt, Legal Requirements, Low Field MRI, Magnetohydrodynamic Effect, MR Compatibility, MR Guided Interventions, Claustrophobia, MRI Risks and Shielding.
Radiology-tip.comradRadiation Safety,  Ionizing Radiation
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Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.comUltrasound Safety,  Absorbed Dose
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• View the DATABASE results for 'MRI Safety' (42).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'MRI Safety' (13).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
MRI Safety
2001   by www.fda.gov    
What MRI Sequences Produce the Highest Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and Is There Something We Should Be Doing to Reduce the SAR During Standard Examinations?
Thursday, 16 April 2015   by www.ajronline.org    
Contrast Agents: Safety Profile
   by www.clinical-mri.com    
  News & More:
How safe is 7T MRI for patients with neurosurgical implants?
Thursday, 17 November 2022   by healthimaging.com    
Newer Heart Devices Safe During MRI
Monday, 23 August 2004   by www.hospimedica.com    
Study: Face Masks Unsafe in MRI Machines
Wednesday, 13 July 2022   by www.laboratoryequipment.com    
COVID-19: Attention shifts to MRI infection control
Thursday, 9 July 2020   by https://www.auntminnieeurope.com/index.aspx?sec=ser§sub=def§pag=dis§ItemID=619012    
FDA Releases New Guidance On Establishing Safety, Compatibility Of Passive Implants In MR Environments
Tuesday, 16 December 2014   by www.meddeviceonline.com    
Modern Implantable Heart Devices Safe For Use In MRI Scans
Wednesday, 16 March 2005   by www.sciencedaily.com    
Searchterm 'Flow' was also found in the following services: 
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Radiology  (25) Open this link in a new windowUltrasound  (120) Open this link in a new window
MSK-Extreme™InfoSheet: - Devices -
Intro, 
Types of Magnets, 
Overview, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Devices -
 
www.onicorp.com/ From ONI Medical Systems, Inc.;
MSK-Extreme™MRI system is a dedicated high field extremity imaging device, designed to provide orthopedic surgeons and other physicians with detailed diagnostic images of the foot, ankle, knee, hand, wrist and elbow, all with the clinical confidence and advantages derived from high field, whole body MRI units. The light weight (less than 650 kg) of the OrthOne System performs rapid patient studies, is easy to operate, has a patient friendly open environment and can be installed in a practice office or hospital, all at a cost similar to a low field extremity machine.
New features include a more powerful operating system that offers increased scan speed as well as a 160-mm knee coil with higher signal to noise ratio, and the option of a CD burner.
Device Information and Specification
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Dedicated extremity imaging
CONFIGURATION
16 cm knee, 18 cm lower extremity;; 12.3 cm upper extremity, additional high resolution v-SPEC Coils: 80 mm, 100 mm, or 145 mm.
SYNCHRONIZATION
No
PULSE SEQUENCES
SE, FSE, GE2D, GE3D, Inversion recovery (IR), Driven Equilibrium, Fat Saturation (FS), STIR, MT, PD, Flow Compensation (FC), RF spoiling, MTE, No Phase Wrap (NPW)
IMAGING MODES
Scout, single, multislice, volume
TR
10-10,000ms; 1ms steps
TE
5-150ms; 1 ms steps
SINGLE/MULTI SLICE
2D less than 200 msec/image
4cm-16cm
2D: 2mm-10mm/.1mm incr.
Up to 1,000x1,000
MEASURING MATRIX
X/Y: 64-512; 2 pixel steps
PIXEL INTENSITY
4,096 grey lvls; 256 lvls in 3D
28cm ID x 50cm L
MAGNET WEIGHT
635 kg
H*W*D
146 x 69 x 84 cm
POWER REQUIREMENTS
115VAC, 1phase, 20A; 208VAC, 3 phase, 30A
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE
LHe with 2 stage cold head
Negligible
STRENGTH
15 mT/m
5-GAUSS FRINGE FIELD
1.25m radial x 1.8m axial
Passive
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
MSK Extreme Brochure(.pdf)
   by www.nova-logic.ch    
MSK Extreme Specifications(.pdf)
   by www.nova-logic.ch    
MRI Resources 
Safety Products - Quality Advice - Developers - Diffusion Weighted Imaging - Nerve Stimulator - Safety pool
 
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