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Searchterm 'Contrast Agents' was also found in the following services: 
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News  (49)  Resources  (7)  Forum  (8)  
 
LiposomesInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
Generic name: Liposomes, central moiety: different, contrast effect: paramagnetic, distribution: different
Liposomes are lipid containing nanoparticles, or fat molecules, surrounding a water core. Liposomes were the first type of nanoparticles created to be used as carriers for lipophilic MRI contrast agents with novel characteristics.
Liposomes loaded with gadolinium-containing chelates have potential as blood pool agents, caused by modifications of the surface (e.g., with polyethylene glycol) leading to longer blood retention times.
The incorporation of contrast agents into either the the bilayer membrane or the aqueous inner cavity is possible. These MRI contrast agents has been used to image the lymph nodes using liposomes containing Gd-DTPA as well as dextran coated iron oxide particles.
To image the liver or the hepatobiliary system, liposomes containing Gd-HPDO3A, or MnDPDP, have been tested.
Liposomes containing gadolinium were conjugated to antibodies and targeted to a specific organ system.
A method of targeting tumors with ultrasound that also uses MRI to watch the cell destroying, uses liposomes loaded with cytotoxic drugs and also with gadolinium to make them show up in MRI. As well as used as an imaging technique, ultrasound can also be used to destroy cancer cells. Once the drugs have been administered, focusing the ultrasound on the target area makes blood vessels permeable. The liposomes leak out of the blood vessel into the target area, watched by MRI, where the cytotoxic drug can then go to work.

See also Memosomes, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide, Classifications, Characteristics, etc. and Mangafodipir Trisodium.
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• View the NEWS results for 'Liposomes' (1).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Novel Agent for Lymph Node Imaging and Targeted Gene Therapy
1997   by cbcrp.org.127.seekdotnet.com    
DELIVERY AND ACTIVATION OF CONTRAST AGENTS FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING(.pdf)
   by thesis.library.caltech.edu    
New MRI Contrast Agent Under Development
Friday, 16 January 2009   by www.medgadget.com    
New Method Combines MRI, HIFU, Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes for Chemo Delivery Directly to Tumor
Wednesday, 9 February 2011   by www.medgadget.com    
  News & More:
Specialized MRI sensor can detect light deep within tissues
Thursday, 22 December 2022
Multimodal Nanoparticles for Quantitative Imaging(.pdf)
Tuesday, 13 December 2011   by alexandria.tue.nl    
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging(.pdf)
2005   by www.medical.siemens.com    
Searchterm 'Contrast Agents' was also found in the following services: 
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Radiology  (46) Open this link in a new windowUltrasound  (75) Open this link in a new window
Superparamagnetic Iron OxideInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
(SPIO) Relatively new types of MRI contrast agents are superparamagnetic iron oxide-based colloids (median diameter greater than 50nm). These compounds consist of nonstoichiometric microcrystalline magnetite cores, which are coated with dextrans (in ferumoxide) or siloxanes (in ferumoxsil). After injection they accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver (Kupffer cells) and the spleen. At low doses circulating iron decreases the T1 time of blood, at higher doses predominates the T2* effect.
SPIO agents are much more effective in MR relaxation than paramagnetic agents. Since hepatic tumors either do not contain RES cells or their activity is reduced, the contrast between liver and lesion is improved. Superparamagnetic iron oxides cause noticeable shorter T2 relaxation times with signal loss in the targeted tissue (e.g., liver and spleen) with all standard pulse sequences. Magnetite, a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3, is one of the used iron oxides. FeO can be replaced by Fe3O4.
Use of these colloids as tissue specific contrast agents is now a well-established area of pharmaceutical development. Feridex®, Endorem™, GastroMARK®, Lumirem®, Sinerem®, Resovist® and more patents pending tell us that the last word in this area is not said.
Some remarkable points using SPIO:
•
A minimum delay of about 10 min. between injection (or infusion) and MR imaging, extends the examination time.
•
Cross-section flow void in narrow blood vessels may impede the differentiation from small liver lesions.
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Aortic pulsation artifacts become more pronounced.


See also Superparamagnetism, Superparamagnetic Contrast Agents and Classifications, Characteristics, etc..
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• View the NEWS results for 'Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide' (3).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
IMAGE CONTRAST IN MRI(.pdf)
   by www.assaftal.com    
  News & More:
How to stop using gadolinium chelates for magnetic resonance imaging: clinical-translational experiences with ferumoxytol
Saturday, 5 February 2022   by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
Polysaccharide-Core Contrast Agent as Gadolinium Alternative for Vascular MR
Monday, 8 March 2021   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
Poly (dopamine) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocluster for noninvasive labeling, tracking, and targeted delivery of adipose tissue-derived stem cells
Tuesday, 5 January 2016   by www.nature.com    
Longitudinal MRI contrast enhanced monitoring of early tumour development with manganese chloride (MnCl2) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) in a CT1258 based in vivo model of prostate cancer
Wednesday, 11 July 2012   by www.biomedcentral.com    
MRI Resources 
Universities - Pregnancy - Pediatric and Fetal MRI - DICOM - MR Myelography - Implant and Prosthesis
 
Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron OxideInfoSheet: - Contrast Agents - 
Intro, Overview, 
Characteristics, 
Types of, 
etc.
 
(USPIO) The class of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide includes several chemically and pharmacologically very distinct materials, which may or may not be interchangeable for a specific use. Some ultrasmall SPIO particles (median diameter less than 50nm) are used as MRI contrast agents (Sinerem®, Combidex®), e.g. to differentiate metastatic from inflammatory lymph nodes. USPIO shows also potential for providing important information about angiogenesis in cancer tumors and could possibly complement MRI helping physicians to identify dangerous arteriosclerosis plaques.
Because of the disadvantageous large T2*//T1 ratio, USPIO compounds are less suitable for arterial bolus contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography than gadolinium complexes. The tiny ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides do not accumulate in the RES system as fast as larger particles, which results in a long plasma half-life. USPIO particles, with a small median diameter (less than 10 nm), will accumulate in lymph nodes after an intravenous injection by e.g. direct transcapillary passage through endothelial venules. Once within the nodal parenchyma, phagocytic cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system take up the particles.
As a second way, USPIOs are subsequently taken up from then interstitium by lymphatic vessels and transported to regional lymph nodes. A lymph node with normal phagocytic function takes up a considerable amount and shows a reduction of the signal intensity caused by T2 shortening effects and magnetic susceptibility. Caused by the small uptake of the USPIOs in metastatic lymph nodes, they appear with less signal reduction, and permit the differentiation of healthy lymph nodes from normal-sized, metastatic nodes.

See also Superparamagnetic Contrast Agents, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide, Very Small Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles, Blood Pool Agents, Intracellular Contrast Agents.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Comparison of Two Superparamagnetic Viral-Sized Iron Oxide Particles Ferumoxides and Ferumoxtran-10 with a Gadolinium Chelate in Imaging Intracranial Tumors
2002   by www.ajnr.org    
  News & More:
Optimized Labelling of Human Monocytes with Iron Oxide MR Contrast Agents
Sunday, 30 November 2003   by rsna2003.rsna.org    
10 SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
   by dissertations.ub.rug.nl    
Searchterm 'Contrast Agents' was also found in the following services: 
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AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Developers -
 
www.amagpharma.com The company changed its name from Advanced Magnetics, Inc. to AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in July 2007.
AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, developed and manufactured organ-specific diagnostic contrast agents that provide clearer images during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests used to detect tumors and other abnormalities.
The company had two MRI related products on the market: Feridex I.V. (for the diagnosis of liver lesions) and GastroMARK (used for bowel and abdominal MR imaging). In November 2008, AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. decided to discontinue the manufacturing of Feridex. The development of Combidex as a contrast agent for lymph disease has also been stopped.
The Company has now two commercial products: Feraheme® and GastroMARK®. Feraheme® is the trade name of Ferumoxytol (formerly Code 7228) and is indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Feraheme® is also being developed as a diagnostic agent for vascular-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess peripheral arterial disease.

MRI Contrast Agents:
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•
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Contact Information
MAIL
AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
61 Mooney St.
Cambridge, MA 02138
USA
PHONE
+1-617-497-2070
FAX
+1-617-547-2445
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• View the NEWS results for 'AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.' (7).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Advanced Magnetics, Inc. Announces Name Change to AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Tuesday, 24 July 2007   by salesandmarketingnetwork.com    
Ferumoxytol
   by www.amagpharma.com    
AMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc. Q4 2008 Earnings Call Transcript
Friday, 27 February 2009   by seekingalpha.com    
  News & More:
The demise of Combidex - Sinerem
Wednesday, 24 March 2010   by www.wellsphere.com    
Searchterm 'Contrast Agents' was also found in the following services: 
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Radiology  (46) Open this link in a new windowUltrasound  (75) Open this link in a new window
Adverse Reaction
 
Any abnormal reaction of a patient to an examination or procedure, like for example claustrophobia or side effects of MRI contrast agents.
A claustrophobic attack is MRI scanner dependent and more rare with an open MRI. An adverse reaction with magnetic resonance imaging contrast medium is very infrequent. In general, adverse reactions increase with the quantity of contrast media (usual dose of paramagnetic contrast agents is 0.1 mmol/kg) and also with the osmolarity of the compound.
Most frequently encountered adverse reactions are heat sensation, dizziness, nausea, hypotension due to vasodilatation, which can progress to hypotensive shock and anaphylactic reactions.
See also MRI Safety, Contrast Enhanced MRI, Breast MRI, and Cardiac MR imaging.
Radiology-tip.comradSafety of Contrast Agents,  Anaphylactoid Reaction
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Medical-Ultrasound-Imaging.comUltrasound Contrast Agent Safety
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Adverse Reaction' (8).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Questions and Answers on Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Friday, 9 January 2009   by www.fda.gov    
Contrast Agents: Safety Profile
   by www.clinical-mri.com    
  News & More:
CT contrast reaction raises MRI contrast risk
Tuesday, 22 February 2022   by www.sciencedaily.com    
MRI Resources 
MR Myelography - Mass Spectrometry - Diffusion Weighted Imaging - Resources - Jobs pool - Contrast Agents
 
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