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 'Blurring' 
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Result : Searchterm 'Blurring' found in 1 term [] and 14 definitions []
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BlurringInfoSheet: - Artifacts - 
Case Studies, 
Reduction Index, 
etc.
 
Blurring comes most obviously from patient motion, but other mechanisms like low resolution sampling also lead to image blurring.
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Further Reading:
  Basics:
Image Characteristics and Quality
   by www.sprawls.org    
Searchterm 'Blurring' was also found in the following service: 
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Radiology  (4) Open this link in a new window
Cardiac Motion ArtifactInfoSheet: - Artifacts - 
Case Studies, 
Reduction Index, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Artifacts -
 
Quick Overview
Artifact Information
NAME
Cardiac motion
DESCRIPTION
Blurring, ghosting
REASON
Cardiac motion
HELP
cardiac and respiratory synchronization
Movement of the heart causes blurring and ghosting in the images. The artifacts appear in the phase encoding direction, independent of the direction of the motion.
mri safety guidance
Image Guidance
These artifacts can be reduced by using cardiac synchronization: triggering, gating or retrospective triggering. Maximum reduction can be achieved by using triggering in combination with flow compensation, respiratory triggering or breath hold and regional saturation techniques.

See also Motion Artifact.
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Cardiac Infarct Short Axis Cine bFFE 1  Open this link in a new window
    
 Normal Dual Inversion Fast Spin-echo  Open this link in a new window
 
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Cardiac Motion Artifact' (2).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
Motion-compensation of Cardiac Perfusion MRI using a Statistical Texture Ensemble(.pdf)
June 2003   by www.imm.dtu.dk    
  News & More:
Controlling patient's breathing makes cardiac MRI more accurate
Friday, 13 May 2016   by www.upi.com    
MRI Resources 
Safety pool - Movies - Health - Crystallography - Pediatric and Fetal MRI -
 
Lung ImagingMRI Resource Directory:
 - Lung Imaging -
 
Lung imaging is furthermore a challenge in MRI because of the predominance of air within the lungs and associated susceptibility issues as well as low signal to noise of the inflated lung parenchyma. Cardiac and respiratory triggered or breath hold sequences allow diagnostic imaging, however a comparable image quality with computed tomography is still difficult to achieve.
Assumptions for lung MRI:
Low signal to noise ratio of the inherently low lung proton density.
Cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts.
Magnetic susceptibility effects of large magnetic field gradients.
Very short transverse relaxation times and significant diffusion yielding short T2 (30-70 msec), short T2* (1-3 msec), and additional long T1 relaxation times (1300-1500 msec).
The extreme short T2 values are responsible for a fast signal decay during a single shot readout, resulting in blurring.

The current trends in MRI are the use of new imaging technologies and increasingly powerful magnetic fields. Among these technologies are parallel imaging techniques as well as ventilation agents like hyperpolarized helium for the use as an inert inhalational contrast agent to study lung ventilation properties. With hyperpolarized gases clear images of the lungs can be obtained without using a large magnetic field (see also back projection imaging). Single shot sequences (e.g. TSE or Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo HASTE) used in lung MR imaging benefits from parallel imaging techniques due to reduced relaxation time effects during the echo train and therefore reduced image blurring as well as reduced motion artifacts.
In the future, more effective contrast agents may provide an alternative solution to the need for high field MRI. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI perfusion has demonstrated a potential in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or to characterize lung cancer and mediastinal tumors. 3D contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the thoracic vessel.

See also the related poll result: 'MRI will have replaced 50% of x-ray exams by'
 
Images, Movies, Sliders:
 Anatomic Imaging of the Lungs  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman
 Normal Lung Gd Perfusion MRI  Open this link in a new window
      

Courtesy of  Robert R. Edelman

 MRI Thorax Basal Plane  Open this link in a new window
 
Radiology-tip.comradLung Scintigraphy
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Lung Imaging' (7).Open this link in a new window


• View the NEWS results for 'Lung Imaging' (3).Open this link in a new window.
 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
A safer approach for diagnostic medical imaging
Monday, 29 September 2014   by www.eurekalert.org    
Parallel Lung Imaging(.pdf)
  News & More:
Chest MRI a viable alternative to chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia follow-up
Monday, 21 September 2020   by www.healthimaging.com    
CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV)
Tuesday, 4 February 2020   by pubs.rsna.org    
Polarean Imaging Phase III Trial Results Point to Potential Improvements in Lung Imaging
Wednesday, 29 January 2020   by www.diagnosticimaging.com    
Low Power MRI Helps Image Lungs, Brings Costs Down
Thursday, 10 October 2019   by www.medgadget.com    
Chest MRI Using Multivane-XD, a Novel T2-Weighted Free Breathing MR Sequence
Thursday, 11 July 2019   by www.sciencedirect.co    
Researchers Review Importance of Non-Invasive Imaging in Diagnosis and Management of PAH
Wednesday, 11 March 2015   by lungdiseasenews.com    
New MRI Approach Reveals Bronchiectasis' Key Features Within the Lung
Thursday, 13 November 2014   by lungdiseasenews.com    
MRI techniques improve pulmonary embolism detection
Monday, 19 March 2012   by medicalxpress.com    
  News & More:
Partnership with VIDA to streamline adoption of advanced MRI of the lungs
Monday, 11 September 2023   by www.itnonline.com    
Searchterm 'Blurring' was also found in the following services: 
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Motion ArtifactInfoSheet: - Artifacts - 
Case Studies, 
Reduction Index, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Artifacts -
 
Quick Overview
Please note that there are different common names for this artifact.
Artifact Information
NAME
Motion, phase encoded motion, instability, smearing
DESCRIPTION
Blurring and ghosting
REASON
Movement of the imaged object
HELP
Compensation techniques, more averages, anti spasmodic
Patient motion is the largest physiological effect that causes artifacts, often resulting from involuntary movements (e.g. respiration, cardiac motion and blood flow, eye movements and swallowing) and minor subject movements.
Movement of the object being imaged during the sequence results in inconsistencies in phase and amplitude, which lead to blurring and ghosting. The nature of the artifact depends on the timing of the motion with respect to the acquisition. Causes of motion artifacts can also be mechanical vibrations, cryogen boiling, large iron objects moving in the fringe field (e.g. an elevator), loose connections anywhere, pulse timing variations, as well as sample motion. These artifacts appear in the phase encoding direction, independent of the direction of the motion.
mri safety guidance
Image Guidance
Motion artifacts can be flipped 90° by swapping the phase//frequency encoding directions.
The artifacts can be reduced by using breath holding, cardiac synchronization or respiratory compensation techniques: triggering, gating, retrospective triggering or phase encoding artifact reduction. Flow effects can be reduced by using gradient moment nulling of the first order of flow, gradient moment rephasing or flow compensation, depending of the MRI system.
Peristaltic motion can be reduced with the intravenous injection of an anti-spasmodic (e.g. Buscopan).
By using multiple averages, respiratory motion can be reduced in the same way that multiple averages increase the signal to noise ratio. Noticeable motion averaging is seen when four averages are obtained, six averages are often as good as respiratory compensation techniques and higher averages will continue to improve image quality.
In some cases will help a presaturation of the anatomy that was generating the motion.

See also Phase Encoded Motion Artifact.
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• View the DATABASE results for 'Motion Artifact' (24).Open this link in a new window

 
Further Reading:
  Basics:
The Effects of Breathing Motion on DCE-MRI Images: Phantom Studies Simulating Respiratory Motion to Compare CAIPIRINHA-VIBE, Radial-VIBE, and Conventional VIBE
Tuesday, 7 February 2017   by www.kjronline.org    
  News & More:
Patient movement during MRI: Additional points to ponder
Tuesday, 5 January 2016   by www.healthimaging.com    
Motion-compensation of Cardiac Perfusion MRI using a Statistical Texture Ensemble(.pdf)
June 2003   by www.imm.dtu.dk    
Searchterm 'Blurring' was also found in the following service: 
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Radiology  (4) Open this link in a new window
Artifact by Patient MovementInfoSheet: - Artifacts - 
Case Studies, 
Reduction Index, 
etc.MRI Resource Directory:
 - Artifacts -
 
Quick Overview
Please note that there are different common names for this artifact.
Artifact Information
NAME
Motion, movement
DESCRIPTION
Blurring, ghosting
REASON
Patient movement
HELP
Fast scan techniques
Patient movement during the scans are often an imaging problem. Artifacts from patient movement are widely varied due to a dependence when during k-space filling the motion occurs. When the patient moving causes only in the last few seconds of the scan at that time the outside edges of K-space were being filled, and as a result the artifact does not overly affect the image (there are only fine lines).
image guidance
Image Guidance
A good cooperation between the patient and the operator is the best way to avoid these artifacts, in difficult cases a sedative may help. If a compliance of the patient is not possible (e.g. pain, stroke, or consciousness), choose fast scan methods like gradient echo or single shot technique.

See also Motion Artifact and Phase Encoded Motion Artifact.
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Further Reading:
  News & More:
Patient movement during MRI: Additional points to ponder
Tuesday, 5 January 2016   by www.healthimaging.com    
MRI results affected by movement? MIT researchers have an AI-powered solution
Friday, 25 August 2023   by healthimaging.com    
MRI Resources 
Spine MRI - NMR - Nerve Stimulator - MRI Technician and Technologist Career - Coils - Chemistry
 
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