An image produced by controlling the selection of scan parameters to minimize the effects of T1 and T2, resulting in an image dependent primarily on the density of protons in the imaging volume. Proton density contrast is a quantitative summary of the number of protons per unit tissue. The higher the number of protons in a given unit of tissue, the greater the transverse component of magnetization, and the brighter the signal on the proton density contrast image. Conversely the lower the number of protons in a given unit of tissue, the less the transverse magnetization and the darker the signal on the proton density image. Also called (Rho) ρ-weighted.

See also Density Weighted Imaging and Image Contrast Characteristics.

Time duration of a pulse. For an RF pulse near the Larmor frequency, the longer the pulse length, the greater the angle of rotation of the macroscopic magnetization vector will be (greater than 180° can bring it back toward its original orientation). For an RF pulse of a given shape as a function of time, the longer the pulse length, the narrower the equivalent range of frequencies in the pulse will be.

Part of the spectrometer or interface that controls the pulse sequence parameters of the scan, such as echo time, pulse amplitude, phase and frequency.

A pulse sequence is a preselected set of defined RF and gradient pulses, usually repeated many times during a scan, wherein the time interval between pulses and the amplitude and shape of the gradient waveforms will control NMR signal reception and affect the characteristics of the MR images. Pulse sequences are computer programs that control all hardware aspects of the MRI measurement process.
Usual to describe pulse sequences, is to list the repetition time (TR), the echo time (TE), if using inversion recovery, the inversion time (TI) with all times given in milliseconds, and in case of a gradient echo sequence, the flip angle. For example, 3000/30/1000 would indicate an inversion recovery pulse sequence with TR of 3000 msec., TE of 30 msec., and TI of 1000 msec.
Specific pulse sequence weightings are dependent on the field strength, the manufacturer and the pathology.

See also Interpulse Times.

The schematic figures of a pulse sequence timing diagram illustrate the steps of basic hardware activity that are incorporated into a pulse sequence. Time during sequence execution is indicated along the horizontal axes. Each line belongs to a different hardware component. One line is needed for the radio frequency transmitter and also one for each gradient (G_s = slice selection gradient x, G_f = phase encoding gradient y, G_f = frequency encoding gradient z, also called readout gradient).
In picture 1, a timing diagram for a 2D pulse sequence is shown.
Slice selection and signal detection are repeated in duration, relative timing and amplitude, each time the sequence is repeated. A single phase encoding component is present each time the sequence is executed.
Additional lines are added for ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) and sampling. A gradient pulse is shown as a deviation above or below the horizontal line. Simultaneous component activities such as the RF pulse and slice selection gradient are indicated as a non-zero deviation from both lines at the same horizontal position. Simple deviations from zero show constant amplitude gradient pulse. Gradient amplitudes that change during the measurement, e.g. phase encoding are represented as hatched regions.

The second picture shows a timing diagram for a 3D pulse sequence.
Volume excitation and signal detection are repeated in duration, relative timing and amplitude, each time the sequence is repeated. Two phase encoding components are present, one in the phase encoding direction and the other in slice selection direction (irrespectively incremented in amplitude) in each time the sequence is executed. A description of the comparison of hardware activity between different pulse sequences.